复兴社会主义理论与实践研究

发布时间：2018-09-06 14:20

【摘要】：复兴社会主义是中东民族主义的有机组成部分,也是阿拉伯复兴党的主导思想,但是国内外对于其研究目前仍然十分薄弱。因此,本文拟以复兴社会主义理论和实践为结合点,重点以伊拉克、叙利亚为个案,来展示复兴社会主义理论和实践的发展轨迹与特征。本文由导论、正文和结语三部分组成。导论部分主要说明了该论文的选题目的与意义;介绍了该选题的国内外研究现状;对该选题的写作方法和创新之处进行了总结。正文共分五章。在第一章,论文叙述了复兴社会主义的理论来源和早期发展,归纳和梳理了复兴社会主义的早期理论特征。本章认为复兴社会主义的出现是西方文明与传统伊斯兰教文明相互交往的产物和后果。复兴社会主义是西方社会主义思想在阿拉伯地区这块伊斯兰热土上生根发芽所产生的各种派别中的一支。实际上它是阿拉伯地方传统与西方社会主义思想相结合形成的一种新思潮。在第二章,从复兴党的四次联合实践(即阿拉伯联合共和国、三方会谈和两次叙伊联合)分析复兴党的泛阿拉伯主义理论。指出:从阿联到三方会谈到两次叙伊合作已经看出泛阿拉伯主义在阿拉伯世界的影响渐行渐远,国家主权的理念已经在阿拉伯世界深入人心。到20世纪70年代末,国家为主导的民族主义已经代替以联合为指向的泛阿拉伯民族主义。联合计划的出现只不过是统治者转移国内危机,争权夺利和控制他国的工具。在第三章和第四章,论文以伊拉克1990年以前的政治、经济和意识形态层面的实践为个案,分析了复兴社会主义在伊拉克的实践模式。在政治层面,文中认为早期的复兴党政治是不稳定的,其统治基础十分薄弱。伊拉克复兴党经过革命夺权,暴力固权,军事强权的历程。到20世纪70年代中期,复兴党已经牢牢的控制了伊拉克,其政治结构最高层是提克里特家族和派系。两伊战争以后,复兴党渡过难关只有两条路可走,要么小心谨慎的进行经济恢复和建设,要么大刀阔斧的对外扩张。雄心勃勃的萨达姆却选择了后者,将战争之矛指向了南面的科威特。在经济层面,复兴党的政治主张中社会主义的内容并不具体,与其说是社会经济原则还不如说是国家经济发展的模糊方式。伊拉克复兴党在意识形态方面主要表现出三个特征:第一,先前狂热的泛阿拉伯主义让位于国家主义,即对阿拉伯统一的强调逐渐让位于突出伊拉克在阿拉伯世界中的领导地位。第二,伊拉克是不同种族、民族的人组成
[Abstract]:Renaissance Socialism is an organic part of Middle East nationalism and the leading ideology of the Arab Baath Party, but the research on it is still very weak at home and abroad. Therefore, this paper intends to take the theory and practice of renaissance socialism as the combination point, focusing on Iraq and Syria as the case, to show the development track and characteristics of the theory and practice of renaissance socialism. This paper consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction mainly explains the purpose and significance of the topic, introduces the domestic and foreign research status of the topic, and summarizes the writing method and innovation of the topic. The text is divided into five chapters. In the first chapter, the thesis narrates the theoretical origin and early development of reviving socialism, and summarizes and combs the early theoretical characteristics of reviving socialism. This chapter argues that the emergence of reviving socialism is the product and consequence of the interaction between Western civilization and traditional Islamic civilization. The revival of socialism is one of the various factions in which western socialist ideas have taken root and sprouted in the Islamic hot land of the Arab region. In fact, it is a new trend of thought formed by the combination of Arab tradition and western socialist thought. In the second chapter, the pan-Arab theory of the Baath Party is analyzed from the four joint practices of the Baath Party (namely, the United Arab Republic, the Tripartite talks and the two Syrian-Iraqi Union). It is pointed out that from the Arab League to the Tripartite Conference on the two Syrian-Iraqi cooperation, the influence of pan-Arabism in the Arab world has been gradually distanced, and the concept of state sovereignty has been deeply rooted in the Arab world. By the end of the 1970 s, state-dominated nationalism had replaced pan-Arab nationalism directed at union. The emergence of joint plans is nothing more than a tool for rulers to shift domestic crises, fight for power and control other countries. In the third and fourth chapters, the paper takes the political, economic and ideological practice of Iraq before 1990 as an example to analyze the practice mode of reviving socialism in Iraq. At the political level, the early Baath Party politics is unstable, its ruling foundation is very weak. The Baath Party of Iraq gained power through revolution, violence and military power. By the mid-1970s, the Baath Party was firmly in control of Iraq, with the Tikrit family and factions at the top of its political structure. After the Iran-Iraq war, there were only two ways for the Baath Party to tide over the crisis, either to recover and build the economy cautiously, or to expand aggressively abroad. The ambitious Saddam chose the latter, pointing the spear of war to Kuwait to the south. On the economic level, the content of socialism in the Baath Party's political proposition is not specific, it is not so much a social and economic principle as a vague way of national economic development. The Baath Party of Iraq has three main ideological features: first, the formerly fanatical pan-Arabism gave way to nationalism. The emphasis on Arab unity gradually gave way to highlighting Iraq's leadership in the Arab world. Second, Iraq is made up of people of different races and nationalities.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K377

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