革命话语与概念的初现:法国旧制度末期关于税收特权问题的论辩

发布时间：2018-09-10 14:17

【摘要】：从18世纪50年代开始,法国舆论界围绕1/20税展开的有关税收特权的辩论促进了财政公开性的政治话语的形成。在此过程中,高等法院等特权机构扮演了重要角色。但是,它们在抗议王权的新税制、为等级—团体社会的特权制度辩护时,使用的权利、自由等概念,其表现形式是多样的、复数的:在一个以个别主义为组织原则的社会,不同的群体有不同的权利和自由,这种局面是历史形成的。到1780年前后,关于税收特权的思考和辩论中逐渐发展出一种超越个别性、忽视历史先例、基于普遍理性和平等原则的新政治话语,这也是对特权者们所使用的概念的单数化和抽象化的过程。这个语义——概念史的转变过程,内嵌于18世纪后期法国政治—社会史的发展进程之中;它在重塑传统概念的同时,也改变了它们之间的关系。在这方面,自由与平等这对概念从不兼容到并立的转变最为重要。
[Abstract]:Since the 1850s, the debate on tax privilege in the French press around the one-twentieth tax has promoted the formation of the political discourse of fiscal openness. In the process, privileged institutions such as the High Court played an important role. But in protesting Wang Quan's new tax system and defending the privileged system of a hierarchical society, the concepts of rights, freedoms, etc., are expressed in various, plural forms: in a society where individualism is the principle of organization. Different groups have different rights and freedoms, this situation is formed by history. By 1780 or so, the thinking and debate on tax privilege had gradually developed a new political discourse that transcended individualism, ignored historical precedents, and was based on the principles of universal rationality and equality. This is also the singular and abstract process of the concepts used by the privileged. The process of transformation of the semantic-conceptual history is embedded in the development of the French political-social history in the late 18th century. It not only reshapes the traditional concepts but also changes the relationship between them. In this respect, freedom and equality are most important for the transformation of concepts from incompatibility to coexistence.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院世界历史研究所;
【分类号】：K565

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