英国在伊拉克的委任统治研究

发布时间：2018-09-10 19:16

【摘要】：伊拉克原隶属于奥斯曼帝国的行省,一战爆发后英国对伊拉克进行了军事占领。一战后,英国获得了在伊拉克的委任统治权,随之激发了伊拉克的民族独立运动,这迫使英国调整对伊策略以维护英国在伊拉克的统治。英国选立汉志国王侯赛因之子费萨尔为伊拉克国王,现代伊拉克王国诞生。但是,英国仍控制着伊拉克的军事、内政与外交,这影响了伊拉克的民族国家构建,也为伊拉克后来的政局混乱埋下了隐患。本论文主要分三个部分研究英国的委任统治对伊拉克民族国家构建的影响。第一部分是绪论,主要阐述论文的选题依据、对国内外相关的研究成果进行综述性梳理、论文的理论与现实意义以及研究方法与创新之处。第二部分是论文的正文部分,共三章。第一章主要解读英国对伊拉克实行委任统治的历史背景,英国通过经济渗透等方式从内部瓦解奥斯曼帝国,逐渐实行对伊拉克的政治占领,将其纳入英国的殖民体系。第二章主要探析英国委任统治影响下伊拉克王国变迁。英国委任统治的举措促使了伊拉克从“奥斯曼化”向“阿拉伯化”的转变,伊拉克民族国家构建过程与现代化进程同时推进。在伊拉克王国后期,军人的政治地位日益显著,揭开了伊拉克的军人干政帷幕。第三章主要透视英国的委任统治对伊拉克的现代政治建设、民主政治理念、国家版图的影响。英国的委任统治促进了伊拉克的行政机构、司法、法律以及议会政治的建设,使伊拉克的现代国家政治体制初具规模。英国的委任统治促进西方的民族主义思想在伊拉克的渗透,刺激了伊拉克的阿拉伯民族主义运动的发展。英国委任统治操控了伊拉克的疆域版图的划定,这给伊拉克未来的边界纠纷埋下伏笔。第三部分为论文的结语部分,英国在伊拉克的委任统治是一战后英国调整全球殖民战略的重要组成部分,殖民主义的双重使命造成伊拉克的民族矛盾、教派冲突、军人政治、大国干预,也是现代中东地区战乱的历史根源。所以说,英国以国家利益指导下的委任统治给伊拉克的发展带来巨大的障碍,最终影响了伊拉克的民族国家构建和现代化进程。
[Abstract]:Iraq, formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, was occupied by Britain after World War I broke out. After World War I, Britain gained the mandate to rule in Iraq, which inspired Iraq's national independence movement, which forced Britain to adjust its strategy towards Iraq in order to maintain British rule in Iraq. Britain elected Faisal, son of King Hussein of Hanzhi, as King of Iraq, and the modern kingdom of Iraq was born. However, Britain still controls Iraq's military, internal and foreign affairs, which has affected the nation-state construction of Iraq, and has laid a hidden danger to the subsequent political chaos in Iraq. This thesis is divided into three parts to study the influence of the British mandate on the construction of Iraq's nation-state. The first part is the introduction, which mainly describes the basis of the selected topic of the paper, summarizes the relevant research results at home and abroad, the theoretical and practical significance of the paper, as well as the research methods and innovations. The second part is the text of the paper, a total of three chapters. The first chapter mainly explains the historical background of Britain's mandate to Iraq. Britain disintegrates the Ottoman Empire from within through economic infiltration and gradually implements the political occupation of Iraq and brings it into the British colonial system. The second chapter mainly analyzes the change of Iraq Kingdom under the influence of British mandate. The measure of Britain's appointed rule promoted the transformation of Iraq from "Ottomanization" to "Arabization", and the process of constructing the Iraqi nation-state and the process of modernization. In the later period of the kingdom of Iraq, the political status of the soldiers became more and more prominent, which opened the curtain of the military intervention in Iraq. The third chapter focuses on the influence of the British mandate on the modern political construction, democratic political concept and national territory of Iraq. The British mandate promoted the construction of Iraq's executive, judicial, legal, and parliamentary politics, and gave shape to Iraq's modern national political system. The British mandate promoted the infiltration of Western nationalism in Iraq and stimulated the development of the Arab nationalist movement in Iraq. Britain's mandate governs the delineation of Iraq's borders, setting the stage for future border disputes. The third part is the conclusion of the thesis. Britain's appointed rule in Iraq is an important part of Britain's adjustment of global colonial strategy after World War I. the dual mission of colonialism causes ethnic contradictions, sectarian conflicts and military politics in Iraq. The intervention of the great powers is also the historical root of the wars in the Middle East. Therefore, the British mandate under the guidance of the national interest has brought great obstacles to the development of Iraq, and ultimately affected the nation-state construction and modernization process in Iraq.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K561.4

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