明治时期日本扩张思想溯源

发布时间：2018-09-12 05:20

【摘要】：日本的扩张思想源远流长。核心渊源是其本国特殊的地理位置,家族特征及反映于心理遗存的民间传说神话,日本古代民族狩猎式的生存方式形成的尚武重掠之风。日本作为岛国的心理是十分矛盾的,既有作为神国的优越感,又有资源贫乏,孤立的自卑感,这就形成日本对外扩张的一个因素。日本的创世神话展示了崇尚武德的一方面,这也埋下了日本对外征伐的思维萌芽。日本的创世神格化,也成为日本自负是神的后代的肇始。使其天生有一种神化自负心理,借助崇武的行事方式,使对外征伐得以实施。武士道的内涵是由儒教、佛教和神道教三大要素构成的,武士道是以转化的神道教为思想内核,以转化的儒教为道德规范,以转化的禅宗为人生信仰。武士从儒教摄取忠勇却转化产生了忠大于孝的特色;从神道教摄取忠君尚武的思想;对禅宗的习悟,形成了轻生向死,禁欲沉静的品格。韩国对于日本有一种巨大的吸引力,每当日本国力强盛进行扩张时,第一个目标就是韩国。日本北邻强国俄国既为日本资本主义的发展提供了现实的借鉴,也为日后的扩张走向定下了基调,使日本在制定扩张政策时不得不把这个横跨欧亚大陆的国家作为首要考虑对象。正是对基督教的日本化改进,使日本的扩张尚武思想披上了基督的神性外衣,而且基督教在日本的对外侵略中也扮演了协调列强的角色,使基督教领袖们同军方甚至天皇建立了协作的关系。基督教在国家权力面前选择了合作而不是对抗,在精神上为日本侵略起了辅助作用。日本的岛国心理使在锁国状态下保持着兰学输入的通道,日本知识分子以其武士起而行之的执行力积极学习兰学中的科技,为日本资本主义发展及武力扩张打下了物质基础。普鲁士的尚武精神成了日本天然的榜样,日本扩张的武士道精神有了成功的模板,善于吸收借鉴的日本当然会加以利用。日本对德国的学习是全方位的,但却有一个重点,那就是军国主义。武士道同德国的军国主义似乎有一种天然的亲和性,武力扩张表现为西方形式就是德国军国主义,而东方形式则为日本武士道。海外雄飞的思想发展到最后同大陆政策合二为一,明治政府建立后的征韩、征台就是这种思想的实践,把日本尚武喜征伐的军国主义本质暴露无遗。可以说日本的征韩是内忧外患条件下,日本从自身尚武的特性作出的历史性选择。日本作为资源缺乏的岛国,发展资本主义具有先天的劣势。韩国资源比较丰富,日本既然确定资本主义为其发展模式,就必然要同资本主义强国发生争夺资源的竞争。日本鉴于自身的国情,只能选择更为落后的韩国。大陆政策,使各种扩张思想发挥到极致,并在其侵略行动中不断完善。多行不义必自毙,日本在给邻国造成极大伤害的同时,自己也受到了应有的惩罚。但是以大陆政策为代表的扩张思想并未消亡,右翼思潮的不断沉渣泛起就是明证,中国和亚洲各国必须努力发展自己,只有自强,才是御侮之道。
[Abstract]:Japan has a long history of expansionism. Its core origin is its special geographical position, family characteristics and folk legends and myths reflected in psychological relics. The ancient Japanese national hunting-style survival style formed the trend of martial and plundering. Japan's psychology as an island country is very contradictory, both as a divine country superiority and resources. Japan's creation mythology shows one aspect of advocating martial arts, which also buries the germination of Japan's thinking on the external expedition. The way of doing so will enable foreign expedition to be implemented.
The connotation of Bushido is composed of Confucianism, Buddhism and Shintoism. Bushido takes Shintoism as its ideological core, transformed Confucianism as its moral norm and transformed Zen as its belief in life. The awakening of Zen has formed the character of suicide to death and abstinence.
South Korea has a great attraction to Japan, and when Japan expands, the first goal is South Korea. Japan's northern neighbor, Russia, not only provides a realistic reference for the development of Japanese capitalism, but also sets the tone for future expansion, which makes Japan have to cross Europe in formulating its expansion policy. It was the improvement of the Japanese Christianity that made Japan's expansionist martial-worshiping ideology clothed in the divine cloak of Christ, and Christianity played a coordinating role in Japan's foreign aggression, which enabled Christian leaders to establish cooperative relations with the military and even the emperor. The choice of cooperation before the power of the family rather than confrontation is a supplementary role in spirit for Japanese aggression.
Japanese intellectuals actively studied the science and technology of Orchid with the execution of their warriors, and laid a material foundation for the development of Japanese capitalism and the expansion of military force. Prussian martial spirit became a natural example of Japan, and Japan's expanded Bushido. Japan's study of Germany is all-round, but it has a key point, that is, militarism. Bushido seems to have a natural affinity with German militarism. The expansion of force is manifested in the form of German militarism in the West, while in the form of Oriental militarism. Japanese style Bushido.
After the establishment of the Meiji government, the idea of requisition for Taiwan was the practice of this kind of thought, which exposed the essence of Japanese militarism. It can be said that Japan's requisition for Korea was a historic choice made by Japan from its own military characteristics under the condition of internal distress and foreign invasion. As an island country lacking resources, developing capitalism has a congenital disadvantage. Korea is rich in resources. Since Japan determines capitalism as its development mode, it is bound to compete with the capitalist powers for resources. Japan, in view of its own national conditions, can only choose the more backward Korea. Continental policy, so that a variety of expansion ideas. Japan has been punished as well as inflicted great harm on its neighbors. However, the idea of expansion represented by the mainland policy has not disappeared, as evidenced by the continuous sinking of the right-wing trend of thought, which China and Asian countries must strive to develop. Self, only self strengthening is the way to resist aggression.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K313.4

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