12、13世纪的教皇国及其管理
发布时间：2018-09-13 10:19
【摘要】：教皇国是罗马教皇进行世俗统治的领地。教皇国于8世纪建立,到1870年意大利完成了民族国家的统一,教皇对教皇国的世俗统治权力被剥夺,仅留有梵蒂冈成为教皇的精神领地。拥有上千年历史的教皇国,在教会史上也有重要地位。本文旨在探讨12-13世纪教皇国疆域变化以及教皇如何对教皇国进行管理。通过对教皇国疆域的历史变化及教皇国管理情况的研究,来探索教皇国对于教皇重要意义。 本文共分为三章。第一章具体介绍教皇国的起源。罗马教皇的世俗统治权并不是一蹴而就的,而是教皇制在建立于发展过程逐渐获得的。教皇格雷戈里一世对分布广泛的“圣彼得祖业”精心管理为教皇国的建立奠定了经济基础。八世纪在“丕平献土”的基础上建立了教皇国。 第二章主要讨论12-13世纪教权与世俗君权斗争过程中教皇在教皇国的世俗统治范围的变化。12-13世纪是教皇权力上升的重要时期,随着教皇权力走向顶峰,同时教皇也渴望在更大的范围内实现世俗统治。13世纪在教皇英诺森三世位期间,教皇国的疆域基本确定,教皇建立了对意大利中部地区的世俗统治。 第三章主要研究12-13世纪教皇对教皇国的统治政策及教皇国的管理情况。教皇将教皇国划分为教省,并设置官员作为教皇的代理人进行世俗统治。大量官员薪酬支出以及昂贵的军费支持构成了教皇国管理成本的主体部分,教皇为了维护他对教皇国的世俗统治,不惜花费高额的管理成本。
[Abstract]:The papal state is the land of the pope for secular rule. The papal state was founded in the eighth century, and by 1870 Italy completed the unification of the nation-state. The pope was deprived of his secular power over the papal state, leaving only the Vatican as the spiritual domain of the pope. The papal state, which has a history of thousands of years, also plays an important role in the history of the church. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the changes of papal states in the 12-13 th century and how the pope manages the papal states. This paper explores the significance of papal state to the pope through the study of the historical changes of the papal state and the management of the papal state. This paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter introduces the origin of the papacy. The pope's secular dominion was not achieved overnight, but gradually gained in the process of development. Pope Gregory I's careful management of the widely distributed St. Peter's Zodiac laid the foundation for the establishment of the papal state. In the eighth century, the papal state was founded on the basis of Piping. The second chapter mainly discusses the change of the scope of the Pope's secular rule in the papal country during the struggle between the religious power and the secular monarchy in the 12-13 century. The rise of papal power is an important period in the 12-13 century. The Pope also longed to achieve secular rule on a larger scale. During Pope Innocenti III in the 13th century, the pope's borders were largely determined, and the Pope established secular rule over central Italy. The third chapter mainly studies the papal governance policy and the papal state management in the 12-13 th century. The pope divided the pope into provinces and set officials as his proxy for secular rule. Large official salaries and expensive military support form the bulk of the papal state's administrative costs, which the pope spends heavily to preserve his secular rule over the papal state.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K132
本文编号：2240896
[Abstract]:The papal state is the land of the pope for secular rule. The papal state was founded in the eighth century, and by 1870 Italy completed the unification of the nation-state. The pope was deprived of his secular power over the papal state, leaving only the Vatican as the spiritual domain of the pope. The papal state, which has a history of thousands of years, also plays an important role in the history of the church. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the changes of papal states in the 12-13 th century and how the pope manages the papal states. This paper explores the significance of papal state to the pope through the study of the historical changes of the papal state and the management of the papal state. This paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter introduces the origin of the papacy. The pope's secular dominion was not achieved overnight, but gradually gained in the process of development. Pope Gregory I's careful management of the widely distributed St. Peter's Zodiac laid the foundation for the establishment of the papal state. In the eighth century, the papal state was founded on the basis of Piping. The second chapter mainly discusses the change of the scope of the Pope's secular rule in the papal country during the struggle between the religious power and the secular monarchy in the 12-13 century. The rise of papal power is an important period in the 12-13 century. The Pope also longed to achieve secular rule on a larger scale. During Pope Innocenti III in the 13th century, the pope's borders were largely determined, and the Pope established secular rule over central Italy. The third chapter mainly studies the papal governance policy and the papal state management in the 12-13 th century. The pope divided the pope into provinces and set officials as his proxy for secular rule. Large official salaries and expensive military support form the bulk of the papal state's administrative costs, which the pope spends heavily to preserve his secular rule over the papal state.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K132
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