雅典公益捐助制度研究

发布时间：2018-09-19 13:12

【摘要】： 公益捐助制度是古代雅典的城邦制度之一。它要求雅典的富人在某一年里以贡献财产以及时间的方式来为城邦服务。本文以公益捐助中最主要的两项——战舰捐助和歌队捐助为对象,讨论了公益捐助制度的起源以及运作概况。在这个基础上,笔者进一步分析了雅典富有阶层和平民阶层间的关系以及公益捐助制度对这两个阶层的关系所产生的影响。本文的第一章首先追溯了战舰捐助制度的起源。公益捐助的起源与雅典民主制的建立密切相关,城邦利用富有阶层的传统价值观,将贵族家庭私人掌控舰船的做法沿用到城邦的公共舰队,从而建立了战舰捐助制度。接着笔者继续梳理了战舰捐助制度运作和变革的情况。在梳理过程中重点讨论了公益捐助人的任命方式,揭示了公益捐助制度中自愿与强制因素并存的特征。第二章笔者首先讨论了歌队捐助制度的起源问题。歌队捐助制度在僭主时代已有萌芽,但真正的建立还是要到雅典民主制建立之后。城邦节日是歌队捐助的背景,笔者继续论述了歌队捐助与雅典各种节日之间的关系。另外,雅典的节日是宣扬城邦意识形态的重要场合,笔者由此分析了歌队捐助制度运作过程中显现出的一些城邦观念。第三章先是围绕“追求荣誉”这一伦理价值观分析了富有阶层履行公益捐助义务背后的动机,然后考察了公益捐助制度对于雅典民主制的影响。笔者以富有阶层和平民阶层之间的关系为视角,分析了公益捐助制度怎样以制度本身以及演说中的符号对这两个阶层的关系产生正面和负面两方面的影响。通过三章的论述,我们可以看到公益捐助作为雅典海军和雅典节日的资金来源,对雅典的公共财政起着非常重要的作用。公益捐助制度一方面是雅典民主制的产物,另一方面又在经济和意识形态上对雅典民主制发生着一定的影响。
[Abstract]:Public donation system is one of the polis systems in ancient Athens. It asked Athens's rich to serve the city in a given year by contributing property and time. In this paper, the origin and operation of the public donation system are discussed, which are the two most important items of public donation-warship donation and song team donation. On this basis, the author further analyzes the relationship between the wealthy and the civilian strata in Athens and the influence of the public donation system on the relationship between the two strata. The first chapter of this paper traces the origin of warship donation system. The origin of the public donation is closely related to the establishment of the Athenian democracy. The polis used the traditional values of the rich class and adopted the practice of private control of ships by the aristocratic family to the public fleet of the city-state, thus establishing the system of warship donation. Then the author continues to comb the warship donation system operation and change. In the process of combing, the author mainly discusses the appointment mode of public welfare donors, and reveals the characteristics of the coexistence of voluntary and compulsory factors in the system of public welfare donations. In the second chapter, the author discusses the origin of the donation system. The donation system of the singing team has sprouted in the era of arrowhead, but the real establishment will be after the establishment of Athenian democracy. The city-state festival is the background of the song team donation, the author continues to discuss the relationship between the song team donation and the Athens festival. In addition, the Athens festival is an important occasion to preach the ideology of the polis, and the author analyzes the concept of the polis in the course of the operation of the donation system of the Song team. The third chapter first analyzes the motivation behind the obligation of the rich to fulfill the obligation of public donation around the ethical value of "pursuing honor", and then examines the influence of the public donation system on the Athenian democracy. From the perspective of the relationship between the rich class and the civilian class, the author analyzes how the system of public welfare donation exerts a positive and negative impact on the relationship between the two strata by the system itself and the symbols in the speech. Through the discussion of three chapters, we can see that public donations, as a source of funds for the Athens Navy and Athens Festival, play a very important role in the public finance of Athens. On the one hand, public donation system is the product of Athenian democracy, on the other hand, it exerts certain influence on Athens democracy in economy and ideology.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K125

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