新政时期的美国儿童局
发布时间：2018-09-19 15:09
【摘要】：19世纪末20世纪初期,在美国工业化和城市化逐步实现的同时,也出现了严重的婴幼儿的高死亡率和童工问题。在进步主义运动时期走向社会的妇女改革家们的努力下,美国儿童局于1912年成立。美国儿童局经过前20年的发展,在美国新政时期逐渐走向兴盛,为美国20世纪的儿童福利政策树立了榜样,促进了美国儿童福利的改善和提高。本文主要论述在罗斯福新政这样一个开放的社会环境下,儿童局所进行的活动以及所发挥的作用和存在的一些局限性,以期为我国的儿童福利工作提供借鉴。本文共分四章: 第一章主要阐述罗斯福新政之前儿童局的发展状况。在进步主义运动时期,为了应对婴幼儿的高死亡率问题和童工问题,走向社会的妇女改革家们积极奔走促使国会通过了成立儿童局的法案。在经济大萧条之前,儿童局获得初步发展,社会影响力增强。这一时期儿童局的活动和成就为新政时期儿童局的迅速发展奠定了良好的基础。 第二章着重论述儿童局在新政时期的活动。经济大萧条将儿童和儿童局都推入了一个艰难的境地,而罗斯福政府实施新政为儿童局的发展提供了有利的时机。儿童局参与制定《社会保障法》的儿童条款,并在法案的授权下,执行母亲和儿童健康、残疾儿童和儿童福利等项目;同时,儿童局为维护童工权益继续努力。通过这些活动,儿童局由大萧条下的低谷进入了一个兴盛时期。 第三章总结了新政时期儿童局兴盛的各个因素。法律为儿童局提供了有力保障,扫除了某些不利因素;罗斯福政府为儿童局提供了开放的社会环境和良好机遇;妇女政治家对儿童局的支持,使儿童局有了坚强的后盾。 最后结语部分评价了新政时期的儿童局。从正反两方面对儿童局进行简单评析:这一时期的儿童局在其整个发展历程上具有举足轻重的地位,在美国儿童福利史上的重要性也非同一般,同时值得中国的儿童福利工作借鉴;另方面,儿童局在当时仍遭遇了一些质疑和批评。 总之,通过本文,不仅可以清晰地了解儿童局在美国儿童福利史上的重要地位,而且可为我国的儿童福利工作提供有益的借鉴,对我国的儿童福利工作具有重要的启示。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, along with the gradual realization of industrialization and urbanization in the United States, there were also serious problems of high infant and child mortality and child labor. The American Children's Bureau was founded in 1912 through the efforts of progressive women reformers. After the development of the first 20 years, the Bureau of Children's Affairs in the United States gradually became prosperous during the New deal period, which set an example for the child welfare policy of the United States in the 20th century and promoted the improvement and improvement of the welfare of children in the United States. This paper mainly discusses the activities, functions and limitations of the Children's Bureau under the open social environment of Roosevelt's New deal, in order to provide reference for the work of children's welfare in our country. This paper is divided into four chapters: the first chapter mainly describes the development of the Children's Bureau before the Roosevelt New deal. During the Progressive Movement, in response to high infant and child mortality and child labour, women reformers in society rushed to get Congress to pass a bill establishing the Children's Bureau. Before the Great Depression, the Children's Bureau gained initial development and increased social influence. The activities and achievements of the Children's Bureau during this period laid a good foundation for the rapid development of the Children's Bureau during the New deal. The second chapter focuses on the activities of the Children's Bureau during the New deal period. The Great Depression pushed both the Children's Bureau and the Children's Bureau into a difficult situation, and the New deal under the Roosevelt Administration provided a favourable opportunity for the development of the Bureau. The Children's Bureau participates in the formulation of the children's provisions of the Social Security Act and, under the authority of the Act, carries out projects such as the health of mothers and children, children with disabilities and the welfare of children; at the same time, it continues its efforts to safeguard the rights and interests of child labour. Through these activities, the Children's Bureau entered a period of prosperity from the trough of the Great Depression. The third chapter summarizes the factors of the prosperity of the Children's Bureau during the New deal period. The law provided strong protection for the Children's Bureau and cleared away some disadvantages; the Roosevelt Administration provided the Children's Bureau with an open social environment and good opportunities; and the support of women politicians for the Children's Bureau gave it a strong backing. Finally, the conclusion evaluates the children's bureau during the New deal period. A brief analysis of the Bureau of Children from both positive and negative aspects: the Bureau of Children in this period held a pivotal position in its entire development process, and was also of great importance in the history of child welfare in the United States. At the same time, it is worth learning from the child welfare work in China; on the other hand, the Children's Bureau still encountered some doubts and criticisms at that time. In a word, through this paper, we can not only understand clearly the important position of the Bureau of Children in the history of children's welfare in the United States, but also provide useful reference for the work of children's welfare in our country, and have important enlightenment to the work of children's welfare in our country.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K712.5
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, along with the gradual realization of industrialization and urbanization in the United States, there were also serious problems of high infant and child mortality and child labor. The American Children's Bureau was founded in 1912 through the efforts of progressive women reformers. After the development of the first 20 years, the Bureau of Children's Affairs in the United States gradually became prosperous during the New deal period, which set an example for the child welfare policy of the United States in the 20th century and promoted the improvement and improvement of the welfare of children in the United States. This paper mainly discusses the activities, functions and limitations of the Children's Bureau under the open social environment of Roosevelt's New deal, in order to provide reference for the work of children's welfare in our country. This paper is divided into four chapters: the first chapter mainly describes the development of the Children's Bureau before the Roosevelt New deal. During the Progressive Movement, in response to high infant and child mortality and child labour, women reformers in society rushed to get Congress to pass a bill establishing the Children's Bureau. Before the Great Depression, the Children's Bureau gained initial development and increased social influence. The activities and achievements of the Children's Bureau during this period laid a good foundation for the rapid development of the Children's Bureau during the New deal. The second chapter focuses on the activities of the Children's Bureau during the New deal period. The Great Depression pushed both the Children's Bureau and the Children's Bureau into a difficult situation, and the New deal under the Roosevelt Administration provided a favourable opportunity for the development of the Bureau. The Children's Bureau participates in the formulation of the children's provisions of the Social Security Act and, under the authority of the Act, carries out projects such as the health of mothers and children, children with disabilities and the welfare of children; at the same time, it continues its efforts to safeguard the rights and interests of child labour. Through these activities, the Children's Bureau entered a period of prosperity from the trough of the Great Depression. The third chapter summarizes the factors of the prosperity of the Children's Bureau during the New deal period. The law provided strong protection for the Children's Bureau and cleared away some disadvantages; the Roosevelt Administration provided the Children's Bureau with an open social environment and good opportunities; and the support of women politicians for the Children's Bureau gave it a strong backing. Finally, the conclusion evaluates the children's bureau during the New deal period. A brief analysis of the Bureau of Children from both positive and negative aspects: the Bureau of Children in this period held a pivotal position in its entire development process, and was also of great importance in the history of child welfare in the United States. At the same time, it is worth learning from the child welfare work in China; on the other hand, the Children's Bureau still encountered some doubts and criticisms at that time. In a word, through this paper, we can not only understand clearly the important position of the Bureau of Children in the history of children's welfare in the United States, but also provide useful reference for the work of children's welfare in our country, and have important enlightenment to the work of children's welfare in our country.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K712.5
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前5条
1 姚建平,朱卫东;美国儿童福利制度简析[J];青少年犯罪问题;2005年05期
2 刘继春;;美国白宫儿童福利会议和儿童福利局的职责与角色[J];青少年犯罪问题;2009年03期
3 陆士桢,王s，
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