乌克兰哥萨克研究（1591－1775年）

发布时间：2018-09-19 20:36

【摘要】： 乌克兰哥萨克是东欧中古晚期和近代早期的一支重要的政治军事力量。乌克兰哥萨克的活动不仅影响了乌克兰的历史发展,而且对于中古晚期东欧局势的发展产生了重要影响。首先,乌克兰哥萨克政权是乌克兰民族国家的雏形。从基辅罗斯灭亡后一直到17世纪后期,乌克兰人民都处于亡国的痛苦中。这种亡国状态阻碍了乌克兰近代民族的形成。由于波兰再版农奴制的强化,破坏了乌克兰经济正常的发展进程。乌克兰哥萨克大起义推翻了波兰的殖民统治。乌克兰哥萨克建立了自己的政权——盖特曼政权。盖特曼政权是在各种政治影响下逐渐成长的。它具有民族国家的特性,促进了近代乌克兰民族的形成和发展。其次,乌克兰哥萨克的活动加速了东欧局势的变化。乌克兰哥萨克成为打破东欧政治军事平衡的重要力量。乌克兰哥萨克的活动也体现了中古时期世界历史上农业文明与游牧文明斗争的发展态势。本文重点探讨了乌克兰哥萨克形成和发展的各个方面的问题。文章不仅涉及到了乌克兰哥萨克的起源、特点、成员分析,而且对于乌克兰哥萨克政权的政治军事制度、经济和经济制度、外交等方面进行了详细分析与考察。本文在许多方面提出了自己的观点和研究心得,对于认识哥萨克群体提供了一些帮助,具有一定的学术意义。本文也分析了乌克兰在东欧地缘政治中的重要地位,阐释了乌克兰哥萨克活动对于乌克兰民族和现代乌克兰国家的影响,对于我们认识和观察东欧政治局势的变化,提供了现实的参考价值。本文分为五个部分: 第一部分,阐述了乌克兰哥萨克的起源问题。文章重点区分了乌克兰哥萨克与俄国哥萨克的历史和分布区域,交待了二者的关系。文章对乌克兰哥萨克起源问题这一难题进行了多方面的分析。并且文章还突出了乌克兰哥萨克的根据地——扎波罗热塞契在哥萨克历史上的重要性。第二部分,探讨了乌克兰哥萨克政权的政治军事制度。重点分析了乌克兰哥萨克政治制度军政合一的特点,详细阐释了乌克兰哥萨克政权的三级政权组织形式和组织原则,以及行政、司法和财政制度的特点。第三部分,主要论述了乌克兰哥萨克的经济特点和政权的经济制度。文章重点突出了乌克兰哥萨克经济中不同经济成分的变化和盖特曼政权内部各个社会阶层的经济地位。另外,文章探讨了乌克兰哥萨克进行的经济制度改革和俄国对改革的干涉以及由此产生的影响。第四部分,详细分析了乌克兰哥萨克外交的特点和不足,逐一分析了乌克兰哥萨克与波兰、俄国、土耳其——鞑靼人的外交关系及其影响。文章还论述了乌克兰哥萨克与其他国家的外交关系。第五部分,综述了乌克兰哥萨克在历史上的地位。乌克兰哥萨克的活动一方面深刻影响了当时东欧局势的变化,加速了不同政治体制国家的变化,而且打破了东欧的政治军事平衡,另一方面,也对近代乌克兰民族的形成和发展产生了重大影响,使乌克兰民族的精神和思维深深地烙上了那个时代的痕迹。
[Abstract]:Ukrainian Cossack is an important political and military force in the late Middle Ages and early modern times of Eastern Europe. The activities of Ukrainian Cossack not only affected the historical development of Ukraine, but also had an important impact on the development of the situation in Eastern Europe in the late Middle Ages. First, the Ukrainian Cossack regime is the embryonic form of the Ukrainian nation-state. The Ukrainian people suffered from national subjugation until the late 17th century. This state of subjugation hindered the formation of the modern Ukrainian nation. Geithmann regime was established under various political influences. It has the characteristics of nation-state and promoted the formation and development of the modern Ukrainian nation. Secondly, the activities of Ukrainian Cossacks accelerated the change of the situation in Eastern Europe. Ukrainian Cossacks became the political and military breaking of Eastern Europe. The activities of the Ukrainian Cossacks also reflected the development trend of the struggle between agricultural civilization and nomadic civilization in the world history of the Middle Ages.
This paper focuses on various aspects of the formation and development of Ukrainian Cossacks. The article not only deals with the origin, characteristics and member analysis of Ukrainian Cossacks, but also makes a detailed analysis and investigation of the political and military system, economic and economic system, and diplomacy of the Ukrainian Cossacks regime. This paper also analyzes the important position of Ukraine in the geopolitics of Eastern Europe, and explains the influence of Ukraine's Cossack activities on the Ukrainian nation and the modern Ukrainian state. It is of great academic significance for us to understand and observe. The change of political situation in Eastern Europe provides a realistic reference value.
This article is divided into five parts.
The first part expounds the origin of the Ukrainian Cossacks. The article focuses on the historical and distribution areas of the Ukrainian Cossacks and the Russian Cossacks, and explains the relationship between them. Za Polo Geseci's importance in Cossack history.
The second part discusses the political and military system of the Ukrainian Cossack regime, focusing on the analysis of the characteristics of the military-political integration of the political system of the Ukrainian Cossack, and expounds in detail the organizational forms and principles of the three-level regime of the Ukrainian Cossack regime, as well as the characteristics of the administrative, judicial and financial systems.
The third part mainly discusses the economic characteristics of Ukraine's Cossack and its regime's economic system. The article highlights the changes of different economic components in Ukraine's Cossack economy and the economic status of various social strata within the Geithman regime. In addition, the article discusses the economic system reform carried out by Ukraine's Cossack and Russia's response to it. The interference of reform and the consequent influence.
In the fourth part, the characteristics and shortcomings of Ukraine's Cossack diplomacy are analyzed in detail, and the diplomatic relations between Ukraine's Cossack and Poland, Russia, Turkey-Tatars and their influences are analyzed one by one.
On the one hand, the activities of Ukrainian Cossacks profoundly influenced the changes of the situation in Eastern Europe at that time, accelerated the changes of countries with different political systems, and broke the political and military balance in Eastern Europe. On the other hand, the activities of Ukrainian Cossacks also exerted great influence on the formation and development of the modern Ukrainian nation. The great influence made Ukraine's spirit and thinking deeply branded on the traces of that era.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K511.3

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