戴高乐领导抵抗运动胜利的原因

发布时间：2018-10-05 16:37

【摘要】： 第二次世界大战期间,戴高乐领导的抵抗运动,为复兴法国、为世界反法西斯战争做出了不可磨灭的贡献。研究戴高乐领导抵抗运动胜利的原因,不仅有助于了解法国的历史和现状,全面理解戴高乐主义,而且对理解当前世界多极化发展趋势,尤其对研究法国在当今重大国际问题上一向以独立声音讲话的原因也有着现实意义。戴高乐领导抵抗运动之所以能够成功,原因是多方面的。本文主要从三个方面来论述。第一部分:投降主义的盛行与戴高乐崛起。法国当局集团的腐朽和投降主义的盛行是法国战败的根本原因。投降后的政府帮助德国镇压爱国志士、共产党人,政治上独裁,经济上给德国“补血”。戴高乐以其过人的胆略、坚强的毅力、不屈不挠的性格以及他对事物本质的正确把握,依靠英国的帮助,获得海内外爱国人士的支持,开始了艰难的海外抗战历程。第二部分:希特勒的战略失策与自由法国的诞生。1940年5月24日,德国坦克A集团军停止了对盟国的进攻,这使盟国成功地实施了敦刻尔克大撤退,保存了有生力量;德国对伦敦的轰炸给英国以喘息之机。最终,德国失去了对英作战的制空权。英国保存了下来,为戴高乐的生存和发展提供了根据地。德国陷入两线作战的困境,加速了纳粹政权的灭亡。戴高乐认识到英法基于共同利益能够结成联盟,于是,极力争取英国的支持,自由法国由此诞生并逐渐发展壮大。“八七协议”的签订,尤其是经费问题的解决,对自由法国运动早期的发展起了非常重要的作用。在许多外交场合上,英国也站在法国一边。第三部分:在英美支持排挤中求发展。随着形势的发展变化,在达尔郎、吉罗问题上以及法国前途问题上,英国和戴高乐建立的抵抗政权之间曾出现过一些矛盾。这些矛盾也曾因为美国的压力而一度激化,在反法西斯的大背景中,他利用苏联、英国的支持来抗衡美国,取得胜利,并成功地击败了美国在圣皮埃尔-密克隆岛和扶植吉罗、建立“盟国军政府”的干涉行为,赢得了法兰西民族更广泛的支持,从而取得了成功。戴高乐领导的抵抗运动之所以能够取得胜利,是因为他的奋斗代表着法兰西民族解放事业的正义要求,最终取得胜利也是历史的必然。在战后国际舞台上,法国一向以独立的声音讲话,是深受戴高乐精神的影响。
[Abstract]:During World War II, de Gaulle's resistance made an indelible contribution to the revival of France and to the world war against fascism. To study the reasons for de Gaulle's victory in leading the resistance movement will not only help to understand the history and current situation of France and the overall understanding of de Gaullism, but also to understand the current trend of multipolarization in the world. Especially, it is of practical significance to study the reasons why France has always spoken independently on major international issues. De Gaulle's leadership of the resistance was successful for a number of reasons. This article mainly discusses from three aspects. Part one: the prevalence of capitulationism and the rise of de Gaulle. The decay of the French authorities and the prevalence of capitulationism were the root causes of France's defeat. After surrender, the government helped Germany suppress patriots, Communists, political dictatorship, and economic "blood." Charles de Gaulle, with his superior courage, strong perseverance, indomitable character and correct grasp of the essence of things, relied on the help of Britain and won the support of patriots at home and abroad. The second part: Hitler's strategic misstrategy and the birth of free France. On May 24, 1940, the German Tank A Group Army stopped its attack on the allies, which made the allies successfully carry out the Dunkirk retreat and preserve the living force; The German bombing of London gave Britain breathing space. In the end, Germany lost its air power over Britain. Britain survived, providing a base for de Gaulle's survival and development. Germany was caught in a two-line battle that accelerated the demise of the Nazi regime. De Gaulle realized that Britain and France could form an alliance on the basis of common interests, so he tried to win British support, and free France was born and grew gradually. The signing of the 1987 Agreement, especially the settlement of the issue of funding, played a very important role in the early development of the Free France Movement. Britain is also on the French side on many diplomatic occasions. The third part: seeking development in the support of the United States and the United States. As the situation evolves, there have been contradictions between Britain and Charles de Gaulle's resistance regime over Darlang, Giraud and the future of France. These contradictions were once intensified by American pressure. In the context of anti-fascism, he used the support of the Soviet Union and Britain to counterbalance the United States and won victory, and succeeded in defeating the United States on the island of St. Pierre Miquelon and in fostering Giraud. The establishment of the Allied military junta won the wider support of the French nation and succeeded. The resistance movement led by Charles de Gaulle was able to win because his struggle represented the just demand of the cause of French national liberation and the ultimate victory was a historical necessity. In the postwar international arena, France has always spoken with an independent voice, deeply influenced by the de Gaulle spirit.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K565.46

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