冲锋队在纳粹运动中地位的演变

发布时间：2018-10-05 18:45

【摘要】： 冲锋队是纳粹运动最重要的准军事组织,对运动的发展具有重大意义,但它在整个运动过程中的地位是不断变化的。本文试图从冲锋队、纳粹党和纳粹运动三方之间的矛盾关系来分析冲锋队在纳粹运动兴起、发展、夺权、政权纳粹化和第三帝国时期等五个阶段地位的演变及演变的原因。正文共分五章。第一章探讨冲锋队在纳粹运动初期的地位。冲锋队产生于战后整个魏玛德国准军事文化的大背景之下。从冲锋队形成、初步发展和1923年的军事化发展过程中得出：冲锋队在该时期一方面为纳粹运动赢得最初的生存空间,另一方面又成为罗姆等国防军军官牵制纳粹党的工具。第二章探讨冲锋队在纳粹运动走向全国时期的地位。“啤酒馆暴动”之后,冲锋队迫于客观形势的变化,在夺权道路、冲锋队角色定位等问题上屈服于希特勒,成为纳粹党的“政治士兵”,为重振纳粹运动立下汗马功劳。但缺乏纳粹主义意识形态信仰,尤其是冲锋队角色定位等问题又埋下了隐患,使得冲锋队的驯服仅仅是暂时的。第三章探讨冲锋队在纳粹夺权时期的地位。冲锋队在该时期是一柄双刃剑：一方面是纳粹运动吸引大众,打击政治对手不可替代的强有力工具；另一方面不同的社会成分、意识形态、夺权道路和财政纠纷、权力斗争等因素增强了冲锋队的独立倾向,成为纳粹运动的威胁。冲锋队的两面性在1932年7月选举后尽显无遗,但因其对夺权的重要性而得到希特勒的迁就。希特勒上台增加了纳粹党遏制冲锋队的筹码。第四章探讨冲锋队在政权纳粹化时期的地位。纳粹党在该时期试图实现由权力分享者到独裁者,由在野党到执政党的角色转变。冲锋队用暴力协助纳粹党扫清运动之外的敌人后,无法适应形势的新变化,“继续革命”妨碍纳粹党的角色转换。“长刀之夜”是冲锋队命运的转折点。第五章探讨冲锋队在第三帝国时期的地位。“长刀之夜”之后,冲锋队地位急转直下,成为无足轻重的附属组织。但在自我清理和重组之后它仍然是一个规模庞大的组织,为纳粹运动承担各种工作,其本身的作用也随着二战的到来而发生微妙的变化。
[Abstract]:The stormtroopers are the most important paramilitary organization in the Nazi movement, which is of great significance to the development of the movement, but its position is constantly changing in the whole process of the movement. This paper attempts to analyze the evolution and evolution of the status of the stormtroopers in the five stages of the rise, development, seizure of power, regime Nazism and the third Reich from the perspective of the contradictory relations among the stormtroopers, the Nazi party and the Nazi movement. The text is divided into five chapters. The first chapter discusses the status of the stormtroopers in the early days of the Nazi movement. The stormtroopers emerged from the background of the German paramilitary culture after the war. From the formation of the stormtroopers, the preliminary development and the militarization development in 1923, it is concluded that the stormtroopers won the initial living space for the Nazi movement in this period, on the other hand, they became the tools for the Roma and other army officers to restrain the Nazis. The second chapter discusses the status of the stormtroopers in the Nazi movement to the national period. After the Brewery riots, the stormtroopers, forced by the changes of the objective situation, succumbed to Hitler on issues such as the road to power, the role of the stormtroopers, and became "political soldiers" of the Nazi Party, making great contributions to reviving the Nazi movement. However, the lack of Nazi ideology, especially the role of the stormtroopers, has buried hidden dangers, which makes the taming of the stormtroopers only temporary. The third chapter discusses the status of the stormtroopers during the Nazi occupation of power. The Stormtroopers were a double-edged sword during the period: on the one hand, the Nazi movement was an irreplaceable tool for attracting the masses and attacking political opponents; on the other hand, there were different social elements, ideologies, power grabbing roads and financial disputes. Power struggles and other factors reinforced the independence of the stormtroopers and became a threat to the Nazi movement. The two sides of the Stormtroopers were clear after the July 1932 elections, but were reconciled by Hitler because of their importance to the seizure of power. Hitler's rise to power added leverage to the Nazi Stormtroopers. Chapter four discusses the status of stormtroopers in the period of Nazism. During that period, the Nazis tried to change their roles from power-shavers to dictators, from opposition parties to the ruling party. The stormtroopers used violence to help the Nazis clear out their enemies outside the movement, unable to adapt to the new changes in the situation, and the continued Revolution prevented the Nazis from changing roles. Long Dao Night was the turning point of the Stormtroopers' fate. Chapter five explores the status of the Stormtroopers during the third Reich. After the long knife Night, the stormtroopers plunged into an unimportant subsidiary. But after self-cleaning and restructuring, it is still a large organization for the Nazi movement to undertake all kinds of work, its own role with the advent of World War II has undergone subtle changes.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K516.44

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