12世纪末拜占廷贵族势力失控现象论析

发布时间：2018-10-05 18:32

【摘要】：12世纪末拜占廷贵族势力失控,从根本上来说,这种现象的出现在于拜占廷高度中央集权的皇帝专制制度需要强有力的人物控制皇权,一旦缺乏这种人物,就会出现激烈的皇位争夺。12世纪末贵族势力的失控还跟安德罗尼库斯举措不当密切相关:1182年安德罗尼库斯掌权后杀害了阿莱克修斯二世及其至亲,使拜占廷统治阶级内部丧失了团结的核心,加剧了皇位争夺;他屠杀军事贵族,引起贵族们的反抗;他破坏科穆宁制度,导致对贵族的遏制力量丧失。贵族势力的失控给拜占廷带来了严重后果。失控的贵族不断策划阴谋或者发动叛乱,与文职官僚进行权力斗争,加速了拜占廷的衰落内乱;前太子阿莱克修斯甚至引十字军入侵,给衰落的帝国带来了致命威胁;而失控的贵族无法团结起来抵抗外敌,最终导致1204年君士坦丁堡被拉丁人攻陷和拜占廷大量领土的沦陷。
[Abstract]:Byzantine aristocrats lost control at the end of the 12th century. Fundamentally, this phenomenon occurred in Byzantine's highly centralized imperial autocracy, which required powerful figures to control the imperial power. There would be a fierce battle for the throne. The loss of aristocratic power at the end of the 12th century was also closely related to the impropriety of Andreas: in 1182, when Andreas came to power, he killed Aleke II and his closest relatives. Byzantine lost the core of unity within the ruling class, intensified the battle for the throne; he slaughtered the military aristocracy, caused the aristocracy to resist; he destroyed the Komunin system, resulting in the loss of the aristocracy. The loss of aristocratic influence had serious consequences for Byzantine. The runaway aristocrats plotted or launched a rebellion, engaged in power struggle with civilian bureaucrats, accelerated the decline of Byzantine, the former Prince Aleke sews even led the crusader invasion, brought a fatal threat to the declining empire; The runaway aristocrats could not unite against foreign enemies and eventually led to the Latin capture of Constantinople in 1204 and the fall of a large number of Byzantine territories.
【作者单位】：中南大学;
【基金】：中南大学2012年度中央高校基本科研业务费青年教师助推专项“1081—1261年拜占廷贵族研究”(2012QNZT190) 2010年教育部人文社科规划课题“早期拜占廷帝国文化转型研究”(10YJC770124)
【分类号】：K134

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