第二雅典海上同盟述论

发布时间：2018-10-10 10:47

【摘要】：公元前378/377年第二雅典海上同盟建立,是伯罗奔尼撒战争以后雅典国力复苏的一个重要标志。雅典以保障入盟者独立和自由,承诺不侵占盟邦的土地和财产为前提,建立起一个以共同防御为宗旨的海上同盟。同盟成立后,在恢复雅典在爱琴海及黑海地区的海上霸权,维护本地区的海上交通和贸易方面发挥了积极作用。但当底比斯的崛起和扩张,接连击败斯巴达并已威胁到雅典的安全时,财政拮据的雅典向盟邦课征贡金,派遣驻军和军事移民,导致同盟内部矛盾激化,波斯借机干预,遂发生"同盟战争",战后同盟名存实亡。第二雅典同盟实际上是雅典在国力稍有恢复的基础上,欲重振昔日霸业的一次不成功的尝试。雅典所采取的政策、措施虽然并未使同盟整体上发生质变,但不能因此而否认雅典违背建盟誓约,剥削、奴役盟邦的历史事实。
[Abstract]:The establishment of the second Athenian Maritime Alliance in 378 / 377 BC was an important symbol of the revival of Athens after the Peloponnesian War. On the premise of guaranteeing the independence and freedom of the members of the Union and promising not to encroach upon the land and property of the allies, Athens established a maritime alliance based on common defense. After its founding, the alliance played an active role in restoring Athens' maritime hegemony in the Aegean and Black Sea regions and maintaining maritime traffic and trade in the region. But when Thebes rose and expanded, defeating Sparta one after another and threatening Athens' security, the financially strapped Athens collected tribute from its allies, sent troops and military immigrants, which led to the intensification of conflicts within the Alliance, and Persia took the opportunity to intervene. A "war of allies" ensued, and the alliance survived in name after the war. The second Athenian League was actually an unsuccessful attempt by Athens to revive its former hegemony on the basis of a slight restoration of its national strength. Although the policies and measures adopted by Athens did not cause the whole alliance to change qualitatively, it could not deny the historical fact that Athens disobeyed the founding covenant, exploited and enslaved the allies.
【作者单位】：西南大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金一般项目“古典时代希腊理想国思想及其现实基础研究”(16BSS008)
【分类号】：K125

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