列宁和斯大林时期的苏联官制研究

发布时间：2018-10-12 16:53

【摘要】： 苏联官制形成于列宁时期,并有其深刻的渊源。列宁结合国情,开始了自己对未来国家官制的设想和具有俄国特色的社会主义官制的实施。同时,列宁也看到苏联官制运行中的种种弊端,又进行一系列的措施反对官僚主义。因他的早逝,对苏联官制的探索也随之结束了。斯大林对列宁的官制探索既有继承,也有异化。斯大林时期,官僚等级名录制创立了高度集中的干部任命制度。斯大林成为党的总书记,进而运用这种职务,将党政军大权于一身,成为一个为所欲为的最高官。战争时期,斯大林建立了高度集中的战时官制。战后,国家管理机关再次改组,“官僚特权阶层”扩大化,苏联金字塔型的官制最后僵化起来。列宁和斯大林时期的官制具有双重作用,对后期苏联的官制产生重大的影响。评析列宁和斯大林时期的官制,不仅有利于总结苏联时期整体官制的经验教训,而且对我国社会主义政治体制的改革,执政党的建设来说也是一个重要的借鉴。
[Abstract]:Soviet official system was formed in Lenin period, and has its profound origin. Lenin, in combination with the national conditions, began his vision of the future state official system and the implementation of the socialist official system with Russian characteristics. At the same time, Lenin also saw the shortcomings in the operation of the Soviet government system, and carried out a series of measures against bureaucracy. Because of his early death, the exploration of Soviet officialdom ended. Stalin's exploration of Lenin's official system both inherited and alienated. During Stalin's time, bureaucratic caste recording created a highly centralized cadre appointment system. Stalin became the general secretary of the party, and then used this position to make the party, government, and army a supreme official. During the war, Stalin established a highly centralized wartime bureaucracy. After the war, the state administration was reorganized, the "bureaucratic privileged class" was expanded, and the Soviet pyramid-style official system finally became rigid. The official system of Lenin and Stalin played a dual role and had a great influence on the late Soviet government system. To evaluate the official system of Lenin and Stalin is not only conducive to summing up the experience and lessons of the whole official system during the Soviet period, but also an important reference for the reform of our socialist political system and the construction of the ruling party.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K512.5

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