战争推动下的日本经济现代化（1868-1918）

发布时间：2018-10-12 18:12

【摘要】：日本是在近代除了西方国家以外,在亚洲唯一实现现代化的国家,也是在面临着西方列强重重武力威胁下,成功摆脱论为殖民地的危机,惟一一个走上资本主义道路并迅速实现国家崛起的国家。从明治维新起迈出了近代化的脚步,到一战后基本实现工业化,日本用了不到50年的时间走完了西方资本主义国家需要二、三百年才能走完的现代化道路。它的现代化过程为众多学者所关注,但在近代所发动的数次战争,却为世界人民所诟病。日本能从一个边缘小国,发展成为一个经济大国的原因是多方面的。除了西方国家的扶持之外,发动对外战争进行掠夺,也是促进其本国迅速实现工业化的一个途径。日本从帝国的扩张中获得了前所未有的经济利益,战争成为推动其经济发展的重要手段。战争对经济的作用是双方面的,既有促进作用,又有阻碍作用。对于日本来说,战争对其经济现代化的实现是利大于弊的。日本通过中日甲午战争获得巨额的战争赔款,日俄战争的胜利给日本带来了广阔的殖民地和工业原料,第一次世界大战又为日本的商品打开了国际市场。每一次战争都给先天经济发展不足的日本在资本主义的发展道路上扫清障碍,使其顺利实现了经济现代化。但日本经济现代化的成果并不是完美无缺,即战争不是万能的。日本社会的许多方面在战争中受到破坏和延误,战争并不是实现经济发展的最佳途径。
[Abstract]:In modern times, Japan was the only modern country in Asia except the western countries, and it was also facing the threat of a great deal of force from the Western powers that it succeeded in getting rid of the crisis of being a colony. The only country on the capitalist path and rapidly realizing its national rise. From the Meiji Restoration to the basic industrialization after the first World War, Japan took less than 50 years to complete the modernization road that Western capitalist countries need two or three hundred years to complete. Many scholars pay attention to its modernization process, but the wars launched in modern times have been criticized by people all over the world. There are many reasons why Japan has grown from a small marginal country to an economic power. In addition to the support of Western countries, foreign war and plunder is also a way to promote the rapid industrialization of their own country. Japan gained unprecedented economic benefits from the expansion of the empire, and the war became an important means to promote its economic development. The role of war on the economy is dual, both promoting and hindering. For Japan, the war has done more good than harm to the realization of its economic modernization. Japan obtained huge war indemnities through the Sino-Japanese War of Japan. The victory of the Japanese-Russian War brought Japan extensive colonial and industrial raw materials, and the first World War opened up the international market for Japanese goods. Each war cleared the way of capitalism for Japan, which was insufficiently developed, to realize its economic modernization. But the achievement of Japan's economic modernization is not perfect, that is, war is not a panacea. Many aspects of Japanese society were destroyed and delayed in the war. War is not the best way to achieve economic development.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K313;F131.3

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