19世纪30年代埃及在叙利亚地区的统治研究

发布时间：2018-10-13 17:25

【摘要】：19世纪初埃及经过穆罕默德·阿里的西方化改革后成为奥斯曼帝国“唯一有生命力的部分”,面对日益衰落的奥斯曼宗主国,埃及基本上处于一个相对独立的状态并逐步走上了对外扩张的道路。与此同时,穆罕默德·阿里的西式改革也伴随其扩张脚步延伸到了其他地区,对当地产生了非常大的震动,叙利亚就是其中典型的代表。随着第一次土埃战争的结束与《屈塔希亚和约》的签订,埃及开始了对叙利亚的十年统治。在埃及统治叙利亚期间,埃及统治者实行较为开放的统治政策,并把埃及的改革推行到了叙利亚。在此期间,叙利亚建立起了中央集权的政治制度,封建割据势力和地方分权体制被摧毁；国家建立起对商品贸易的垄断,叙利亚的经济得到了初步的发展。更为重要的是,埃及统治者敞开国门接受欧洲的新事物和新思想,叙利亚人民的思想受到了启蒙,西方的政治文化和思想观念开始在叙利亚渗透。但与此同时,埃及统治者在叙利亚实行强制性的征兵制度从而引起了当地人民的反感,解除人民武装更是受到人民的强烈抵制,导致在埃及统治后期叙利亚人民起义不断,统治者的一些进步举措也因局势动荡而未能付诸实践。但不可否认的是,埃及在叙利亚的十年统治开创了叙利亚历史的新纪元,叙利亚社会开始向现代化迈进,奥斯曼帝国也由此开启了近代化改革,同时阿拉伯民族主义思想也在埃及统治者开放的政策和大力倡导下逐渐在叙利亚萌芽。另一方面,埃及对叙利亚的入侵使欧洲列强对这一区域的争夺斗争“愈演愈烈”,在一定程度上影响了整个19世纪后半期的欧洲政治局势。
[Abstract]:In the early 19th century, Egypt became "the only living part" of the Ottoman Empire after Mohamed Ali's westernization reform, facing the declining Ottoman sovereign state. Egypt is basically in a relatively independent state and has gradually embarked on the path of external expansion. At the same time, Mohamed Ali's western-style reforms have been accompanied by its expansion into other parts of the country, and Syria is a typical example. With the end of the first Turkish-Egyptian War and the signing of the Treaty of Quitahia, Egypt began its ten-year rule over Syria. During Egypt's rule of Syria, Egypt's rulers adopted a more open policy of rule and pushed Egypt's reforms to Syria. During this period, Syria established a centralized political system, the feudal separatist forces and the system of decentralization were destroyed; the state established a monopoly on trade in commodities, and the Syrian economy was initially developed. More importantly, Egypt's rulers opened their doors to new European ideas, the Syrian people's ideas were enlightened, and Western political culture and ideas began to infiltrate Syria. At the same time, however, Egypt's rulers imposed a compulsory conscription system in Syria, which aroused the antipathy of the local people, and the disarming of the people was strongly resisted by the people, which led to the continuous uprising of the Syrian people in the later period of Egyptian rule. Some of the rulers' progressive measures have also failed to be put into practice because of the turmoil. But it is undeniable that Egypt's ten-year rule in Syria ushered in a new era in Syrian history, that Syrian society began to move towards modernization, and that the Ottoman Empire began modernization reform. At the same time, Arab nationalism also gradually sprouted in Syria under the open policy and strong advocacy of Egypt's rulers. On the other hand, Egypt's invasion of Syria "intensified" the struggle of the European powers over the region, which to some extent affected the European political situation throughout the second half of the 19th century.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K376.4

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