古埃及第十二王朝对法尤姆地区的开发

发布时间：2018-10-13 16:48

【摘要】：法尤姆地区位于尼罗河的西岸,是一块占地面积约12,000平方千米的自然洼地。古埃及第十二王朝统治时期首次对该地区进行大规模的开发,尤其是国王阿蒙尼姆赫特一世把都城从底比斯迁到法尤姆的入口,建立一座新的城市——伊梯-塔威,从此法尤姆一带成为全国的政治中心;进而把利希特修建为王室的丧葬地,以河谷为界,南北两侧各有一座金字塔;拉宏工匠村的形成,为大规模修建诸多城镇提供可能。法尤姆地区的农业,依靠着得天独厚的自然条件迅速发展起来,改变了第一中间期以来的社会饥馑问题,为国家税收提供了保障。在宗教生活中以崇拜鳄鱼神为主,鳄鱼神与太阳神相结合,成为主神。古埃及第十二王朝对法尤姆地区的开发,为中王国的复兴奠定了坚实的物质基础,也为托勒密王朝的开发提供了宝贵的经验。但是,长久以来,由于在开发过程中忽视了客观规律,破坏了法尤姆地区的自然环境和生态环境,最终导致该地区的经济衰退。为此,后世在地区开发中更应重视环境的保护。本文由引言、正文和结语组成。引言主要介绍国内外对法尤姆地区的研究状况。正文共分为三部分:第一部分:古埃及第十二王朝对法尤姆地区开发的背景研究,主要介绍第十二王朝的政治经济状况和法尤姆地区的自然环境与人文环境。第二部分:古埃及第十二王朝对法尤姆地区开发的具体措施研究,分为政治方面为政权稳定而修建的诸多城镇:主要选取了伊梯-塔威、利希特和拉宏工匠村;经济方面为农业发展而兴修的灌溉工程;在宗教方面主要是地区崇拜,修建索贝克神庙。第三部分:开发法尤姆地区对第十二王朝以及托勒密王朝的意义。结论是总结古埃及第十二王朝对法尤姆地区开发的作用。
[Abstract]:Located on the west bank of the Nile, Fayoum is a natural depression covering about 12000 square kilometers. During the twelfth dynasty of ancient Egypt, the region was first developed on a large scale, especially when King Amonimheth I moved the capital from Thebes to the entrance of Fayoum, and established a new city, Itith-Tavi. From then on, Fayoum became the political center of the whole country; then Lecht was built as a royal burial ground, bounded by a river valley, with a pyramid on both sides of the north and south. The formation of the village of Rahom made it possible to build many towns on a large scale. The agriculture of Fayoum area, relying on the unique natural conditions, developed rapidly, changed the problem of social famine since the first intermediate period, and provided a guarantee for the state tax. In religious life to worship crocodile god, crocodile god and sun god combined to become god. The development of Fayoum by the twelfth dynasty of ancient Egypt laid a solid material foundation for the revival of the Middle Kingdom and provided valuable experience for the development of the Ptolemy dynasty. However, for a long time, due to ignoring the objective law in the course of development, it destroyed the natural and ecological environment of Fayoum area, and finally led to the economic recession in this area. Therefore, future generations should pay more attention to environmental protection in regional development. This article consists of introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction mainly introduces the research situation of Fayoum area at home and abroad. The text is divided into three parts: the first part: the background study on the development of Fayoum area by the twelfth dynasty of ancient Egypt, mainly introduces the political and economic situation of the twelfth dynasty and the natural and human environment of the Fayoum region. The second part: the study of the concrete measures of the twelfth dynasty of ancient Egypt on the development of Fayoum area, which is divided into many towns built for the stability of the regime in the political aspect: mainly selected the village of Ytiti-Tawei, Lehit and Rahong; Economic irrigation projects for agricultural development; in religion mainly for regional worship and the construction of the Temple of Sobek. The third part: the significance of the development of Fayoum to the twelfth dynasty and Ptolemy dynasty. The conclusion is to sum up the role of the twelfth dynasty of ancient Egypt in the development of the Fayoum region.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K411.2

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