中世纪晚期巴黎市民生活研究
发布时间：2018-10-16 09:57
【摘要】：13-15世纪的巴黎是欧洲大陆上最大的城市,在15世纪末,巴黎有约超过20万的人口。自12世纪末腓力·奥古斯都下令修建巴黎城市的城墙开始,巴黎就走上了迅速发展的道路。13世纪至14世纪上半期是巴黎城市的上升期,在此期间巴黎完成了城市化进程。以黑死病为分割点,巴黎在经历战争和疫病的洗礼后,政治上的稳定和其自身的调节功能使得巴黎又回复到发展的道路上。本文以中世纪晚期——13-15世纪巴黎社会各阶层人民的生活为研究对象,试图通过分析巴黎上层市民、普通市民和边缘群体等阶层的不同生活状况,从中展示出这一时期巴黎发展中遇到的问题、社会矛盾及巴黎的社会风貌,进而认识这一时期的巴黎乃至法国的社会经济发展状况及其趋势。 本文除导论和结语外,正文分三章进行论述。 第一章,“中世纪晚期巴黎城市概况”,概述巴黎自有居民开始至15世纪末的发展历程,重点论述其城市起源和13-15世纪巴黎的经济社会发展,这是其时巴黎社会各阶层生活的基本背景和环境。中世纪晚期的巴黎是个消费型城市,所生产的手工业品主要满足城内需求,并在13世纪完成城市化后继续发展。 第二章,“中世纪晚期巴黎上层市民的生活状况”,主要从四个方面论述巴黎上层市民阶层的生活状况,即政治生活、经济生活、家庭生活和宗教生活。重点论述巴黎上层市民阶层衣、食、住、娱乐等家庭生活的方方面面,以及出于宗教信仰而进行的对下层人民的慈善救济。上层市民们虽然获得了经济上的成就,但政治上并没有稳定地位,时刻处于阴影和危机之中。 第三章,“中世纪晚期巴黎普通市民和边缘群体阶层的生活状况”,重点论述普通市民阶层的经济生活和不同边缘群体包括小偷、乞丐、妓女等的生活情况。巴黎这一时期的普通人群和边缘群体都没有政治地位,经济状况也不好。边缘群体对巴黎社会充满了仇视和敌对情绪,反之上层市民阶层对这些社会边缘群体也抱着厌恶的态度。普通市民在遭到意外事故的打击后很可能落入边缘群体,而向上流动的可能性却不大,他们对自己的生活状况不满意,惧怕随时会袭来的厄运。
[Abstract]:Paris was the largest city on the continent in the 13-15 th century, with a population of more than 200000 at the end of the 15 th century. Since the end of the 12th century, when Philip Augustus ordered the construction of the city wall, Paris has been on the path of rapid development. From the 13th century to the first half of the 14th century, the city of Paris rose, during which the process of urbanization was completed. Taking the Black death as the dividing point, Paris, after experiencing the baptism of war and epidemic disease, had the political stability and its own regulating function, which made Paris return to the road of development. This paper takes the life of the people of various social strata in Paris from the late Middle Ages to the 13-15 century as the research object, and tries to analyze the different living conditions of the upper class, the ordinary citizen and the marginal group in Paris. It shows the problems encountered in the development of Paris during this period, social contradictions and the social features of Paris, and then understands the social and economic development situation and trend of Paris and even France in this period. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter, "Overview of Paris City in the late Middle Ages", summarizes the development of Paris residents from the beginning to the end of the 15th century, focusing on the origin of the city and the economic and social development of Paris in the 13-15 century. This was the basic background and environment of the life of all social classes in Paris at that time. Paris was a consumptive city in the late Middle Ages. Its handicraft products mainly met the demand of the city and continued to develop after urbanization in the 13th century. The second chapter, "the living conditions of the upper class of Paris in the late Middle Ages", mainly discusses the living conditions of the upper class of Paris citizens from four aspects: political life, economic life, family life and religious life. This paper focuses on the clothing, food, living, entertainment and other aspects of the family life of the upper class of Paris, as well as the charity relief to the lower class for religious belief. Despite their economic achievements, upper-class citizens are politically unstable, in the shadows and in crisis. The third chapter, "the living conditions of ordinary citizens and marginalized groups in Paris in the late Middle Ages", focuses on the economic life of ordinary citizens and the living conditions of different marginalized groups, including thieves, beggars, prostitutes and so on. Neither the general nor marginalized groups in Paris had political status and poor economic conditions. The marginalized groups are full of hatred and hostility towards Paris society, whereas the upper class also hold a loathing attitude towards these social marginalized groups. Ordinary citizens are likely to fall into marginalized groups after being hit by accidents, but they are less likely to move upward. They are not satisfied with their living conditions and fear the bad luck that may come at any time.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K565
本文编号：2273992
[Abstract]:Paris was the largest city on the continent in the 13-15 th century, with a population of more than 200000 at the end of the 15 th century. Since the end of the 12th century, when Philip Augustus ordered the construction of the city wall, Paris has been on the path of rapid development. From the 13th century to the first half of the 14th century, the city of Paris rose, during which the process of urbanization was completed. Taking the Black death as the dividing point, Paris, after experiencing the baptism of war and epidemic disease, had the political stability and its own regulating function, which made Paris return to the road of development. This paper takes the life of the people of various social strata in Paris from the late Middle Ages to the 13-15 century as the research object, and tries to analyze the different living conditions of the upper class, the ordinary citizen and the marginal group in Paris. It shows the problems encountered in the development of Paris during this period, social contradictions and the social features of Paris, and then understands the social and economic development situation and trend of Paris and even France in this period. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter, "Overview of Paris City in the late Middle Ages", summarizes the development of Paris residents from the beginning to the end of the 15th century, focusing on the origin of the city and the economic and social development of Paris in the 13-15 century. This was the basic background and environment of the life of all social classes in Paris at that time. Paris was a consumptive city in the late Middle Ages. Its handicraft products mainly met the demand of the city and continued to develop after urbanization in the 13th century. The second chapter, "the living conditions of the upper class of Paris in the late Middle Ages", mainly discusses the living conditions of the upper class of Paris citizens from four aspects: political life, economic life, family life and religious life. This paper focuses on the clothing, food, living, entertainment and other aspects of the family life of the upper class of Paris, as well as the charity relief to the lower class for religious belief. Despite their economic achievements, upper-class citizens are politically unstable, in the shadows and in crisis. The third chapter, "the living conditions of ordinary citizens and marginalized groups in Paris in the late Middle Ages", focuses on the economic life of ordinary citizens and the living conditions of different marginalized groups, including thieves, beggars, prostitutes and so on. Neither the general nor marginalized groups in Paris had political status and poor economic conditions. The marginalized groups are full of hatred and hostility towards Paris society, whereas the upper class also hold a loathing attitude towards these social marginalized groups. Ordinary citizens are likely to fall into marginalized groups after being hit by accidents, but they are less likely to move upward. They are not satisfied with their living conditions and fear the bad luck that may come at any time.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K565
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 邹耀勇;古代巴黎城市发展略论[J];历史教学问题;2005年02期
2 秦晓红;;妓女的身体,他们的权力——试论14-17世纪西欧社会妓女现象的合理化[J];湖南科技学院学报;2006年04期
，本文编号：2273992
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