中世纪伦敦城市自治探析

发布时间：2018-10-17 19:17

【摘要】：中世纪伦敦城的自治权利包括两个层次:一是国王授予的特许状规定的权利;二是实际取得的权利。作为英格兰的政治中心,国王的常驻地,伦敦城实际上的自治权利还会受到王权较大的干扰。论文首先介绍了自治特许状的内容、伦敦城获得特许状的途径,评论其对中世纪伦敦城自治的影响。其次,从包税权、协商权和自主征税权三个方面论述伦敦城税收自治的状况,阐述税收自治在伦敦城自治中的基础地位。第三,从市政机构的构成,官僚体系的形成和市长选举三方面说明伦敦城市政自治的程度,以及王权干涉市政自治门径。第四,介绍伦敦城司法自治的内容、分析其逐步完善过程中受到的外界阻挠。由于强大王权的干扰,伦敦城特许状规定城市应该享有的权利与实际权力之间通常存在些许差距。这种差距的大小取决于伦敦城与王权之间的力量博弈。在伦敦城自治发展的过程中,其与王权之间在不断的妥协和斗争中形成了一种微妙的平衡状态:不仅使城市的自主性和市民的自由民主意识得以保留和发展,而且保证了王权在整个英格兰的有效性。
[Abstract]:The autonomy of London City in the Middle Ages includes two levels: one is the right granted by the king and the other is the right obtained in practice. As the political center of England, the king's permanent residence, the City of London's de facto autonomy will be subject to Wang Quan's greater interference. This paper first introduces the contents of the charter of autonomy, the way for the city to obtain the charter, and reviews its influence on the autonomy of the medieval city of London. Secondly, the paper discusses the status of London City's tax autonomy from three aspects: the right of package tax, the right of negotiation and the right of independent taxation, and expounds the basic position of tax autonomy in the autonomy of London City. Thirdly, it explains the degree of municipal autonomy of London City from the composition of municipal organization, the formation of bureaucracy and the election of mayor, and Wang Quan interferes with the path of municipal autonomy. Fourth, introduce the content of London City judicial autonomy and analyze the outside obstruction in its gradual improvement. Due to the interference of powerful Wang Quan, the London City charter states that there is usually a slight gap between the rights to be enjoyed by the city and the actual power. The size of the gap depends on the power game between the City of London and Wang Quan. In the course of the development of autonomy in London City, the constant compromise and struggle between the city and Wang Quan formed a delicate balance: not only the autonomy of the city and the free and democratic consciousness of the citizens could be preserved and developed. And guaranteed Wang Quan's effectiveness throughout England.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K561.3

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