论撒切尔政府时期的文官制度改革及其意识形态起源

发布时间：2018-10-17 21:20

【摘要】： 作为最早建立现代文官制度的国家,英国一直备受世界关注。尤其在撒切尔夫人任职期间对文官制度进行的大刀阔斧的改革不仅对英国产生了深远的影响,在国际上也引起了强烈的反响,使英国的文官制度再次成为世界各国文官制度建设的楷模。因此,对英国的改革实践进行系统地梳理和分析,对于我们更为深刻地理解和把握西方国家文官制度改革的理论逻辑有着重要的现实意义。本文试图从历史的角度对英国文官制度改革进行梳理,重点介绍撒切尔政府时期的文官改革措施,并深入分析改革的意识形态起源,以期能对我国的文官制度改革有所借鉴。本文第一章简要介绍英国近代文官制度的历史沿革及撒切尔政府时期的文官制度改革背景。十九世纪中期《诺-屈报告》的发表标志着英国近代文官制度的确立,进入二十世纪后,文官的表现和文官制度本身日益受到社会的批评。从二十世纪六十年代起,随着《富尔顿报告》的出台,英国率先开始了文官制度的现代化改革。到二十世纪后半期,英国的经济,财政危机及社会结构的变化使政府陷入困境;而文官制度的繁冗机构,通才制度及严重的官僚作风更使其成为撒切尔政府改革的矛头。本文第二章讨论撒切尔政府时期对文官制度大张旗鼓的改革,改革的具体措施主要包括雷纳评审,《下一步行动方案》等。雷纳评审是对英国政府机构运转情况进行的一次大规模调查研究,为后续改革提供了有益的经验和具体的建议;而《下一步行动方案》的出台,特别是执行机构的设立从根本上动摇了文官制度。撒切尔政府时期文官制度的改革可以说是一次与传统决裂的转型。同时也在国际上产生了深远的影响,成为许多国家二十世纪最后二十年文官制度改革效仿的对象。本文第三章深入探讨撒切尔政府时期文官制度改革的意识形态起源。英国保守,渐进的文化传统对文官制度改革的特点起到了决定性的作用;而撒切尔的政治思想,及英国的政治文化传统如对政府权利的限制,政府运转方式的特殊性,以及对行政的价值追求等则推动了文官制度的改革。在文章的最后,笔者简要分析撒切尔政府文官制度改革所带来的成效及改革存在的问题,并在结论中总结其对中国未来文官制度改革的启发。笔者认为研究撒切尔政府的文官制度改革不仅对于了解英国文官制度、探索其自身发展的规律性具有重要意义,而且对我国当前进行的文官制度改革也具有积极的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:As the earliest country to establish the modern civil service system, Britain has always been concerned by the world. In particular, the drastic reform of the civil service system carried out during Mrs. Thatcher's term of office not only had a profound impact on Britain, but also aroused strong repercussions in the international arena. To make the British civil service system to become the model of the construction of civil service system around the world. Therefore, it is of great practical significance for us to understand and grasp the theoretical logic of civil service system reform in western countries. This paper attempts to comb the reform of the British civil service system from the historical point of view, mainly introduces the civil service reform measures during the Thatcher government, and deeply analyzes the ideological origin of the reform, in the hope that it can be used for reference in the reform of the civil service system in our country. The first chapter briefly introduces the history of the British civil service system and the background of the reform of the civil service system during the Thatcher government. The publication of the Northrop report in the middle of the nineteenth century marks the establishment of the modern British civil service system. After entering the 20th century, the performance of the civil service and the civil service system itself have been increasingly criticized by the society. Since 1960's, with the publication of Fulton report, Britain began the modernization of the civil service system. By the second half of the twentieth century, Britain's economic and financial crisis and changes in the social structure had brought the government into trouble, while the redundant institutions of the civil service system, the generalist system and the serious bureaucracy made it the spearhead of Thatcher's government reform. The second chapter discusses the reform of the civil service system during the Thatcher administration. The concrete measures of the reform mainly include Reina Review, the next Action Plan, and so on. The Reina Review was a large-scale study of the functioning of British government agencies, which provided useful experience and concrete recommendations for further reforms; and the next Action Plan. In particular, the establishment of the executive body fundamentally shook the civil service system. The reform of civil service system during Thatcher's government was a break with tradition. At the same time, it has had a profound influence in the world and has become the object of civil service system reform in many countries in the last two decades of the 20th century. The third chapter discusses the ideological origin of the civil service system reform in Thatcher government. Britain's conservative and progressive cultural tradition has played a decisive role in the reform of the civil service system, while Thatcher's political thought and the British political and cultural tradition, such as the restriction of government rights, the particularity of the mode of government operation, have played a decisive role in the reform of the civil service system. And the pursuit of administrative value has promoted the reform of civil service system. At the end of the article, the author briefly analyzes the effect brought by the reform of Thatcher's civil service system and the problems existing in the reform, and summarizes its inspiration to the future reform of the civil service system in China. The author thinks that the research on the reform of the civil service system of Thatcher's government is of great significance not only to understand the British civil service system and to explore the regularity of its own development, but also to make positive reference to the current reform of the civil service system in our country.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K561

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