十月革命后的孟什维克（1917.10-1924）

发布时间：2018-10-17 21:55

【摘要】：十月革命的爆发打断了孟什维克对俄国道路的设想,但是孟什维克建立一个民主国家的目标并未改变,并积极地为这一目标四处奔走。代表国际派的中央委员会拒绝暴力的斗争方式,力图把与布尔什维克的斗争限制在苏维埃体制内进行;而孟什维克另一重要派别护国派则要求用暴力的方式推翻布尔什维克政府。斗争方式的异议导致中央委员会发生分裂,护国派和国际派因此间隙日深。国内战争再次挑战孟什维克的传统理论,中央委员会在爱国情怀的激发下改变对政府的敌视立场,转而支持政府进行保家卫国的战争,并不惜将参与反政府武装的护国派开除出党,同时再次修订了党的理论。国内战争结束后,布尔什维克的经济能力遭到广泛质疑,于是在克琅施塔得事件后实施新经济政策。该政策被广泛认为沿袭了其对手孟什维克的经济理论,因此导致了布尔什维克统治的危机。政府为转嫁危机和肃清孟什维克日益提高的影响力,将之逮捕或者驱逐到国外。孟什维克的政治生命结束。流亡国外的孟什维克和国内幸存者仍然为民主国家的目标而奋斗,并再次修订政策,但已无可挽救地彻底退出了历史舞台。
[Abstract]:The outbreak of the October Revolution interrupted Menshevik's vision of the Russian road, but Menshevik's goal of building a democratic state did not change, and actively campaigned for it. The Central Committee, representing the international faction, rejected the methods of violence and tried to limit the struggle against the Bolsheviks to the Soviet system; Another important faction of Menshevik, the Patriotic Party, called for violent overthrow of the Bolshevik government. The division of the Central Committee caused by dissent in the way of the struggle deepened the gap between the Patriarchs and the internationalists. The civil war once again challenged Menshevik's traditional theory. The Central Committee, inspired by patriotism, changed its hostile stance towards the government and supported the government in its war to defend the country. He dismissed the rebels from the party and revised the party's theory again. After the end of the civil war, the Bolshevik's economic ability was widely questioned and a new economic policy was implemented after the Kronstadad event. The policy is widely believed to follow the economic theory of its rival, Menshevik, leading to a crisis of Bolshevik rule. The government arrested or deported Menshevik to defuse the crisis and wiping out his growing influence. The political life of Menshevik is over. Exiled Mensheviks and domestic survivors continue to fight for the goals of a democratic state and revise their policies again, but have irrevocably withdrawn from history.
【学位授予单位】：苏州科技学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K512.4

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