伊拉克军人政治研究（1921-1948）
发布时间：2018-10-18 17:36
【摘要】：伊拉克政治进程中,最显著的一个特点就是军队试图对国家政权的控制。伊拉克军队成立于1921年,直到2003年伊拉克战争后被遣散,这82年里一直为伊拉克服务。伊拉克政府和军队之间生息相关。伊拉克所有的政权都力图使军队成为他们政权的支持者。双方相互利用,相互需要。军队对伊拉克政权的稳定产生影响,在众多场合通过命令政府或推翻政府的方式来影响政治的发展。 伊拉克军队内部并非完全统一。在伊拉克,军人介入政治的威胁、军队-文官关系的动荡无处不在。军队中没有统一思想,因受到个人威信、意识形态和种族——宗派利益的影响而分裂。这种分裂是基于军队中的阶层、宗教和少数民族的分裂,是伊拉克社会自身分裂的缩影。纵观伊拉克的政治发展,尽管伊拉克军队存在差异,伊拉克军队还是以其作为国家安全和统一的支柱而自豪。与传统上把军队限制在兵营不同,伊拉克军队更像国家的安全机关,通过武力确保政权的合法性。伊拉克军队维护伊拉克政治稳定,消除部落起义、宗派叛乱和库尔德叛乱造成的威胁。 伊拉克军队一直是一把双刃剑：军队保证政权的存在,但同时军队也成为政府的威胁。 本文共分四章。第一章首先介绍了英国委任统治时期伊拉克军队的建立,伊拉克政客们试图利用军队维护新成立的国家。1932年伊拉克获得独立后军队更加表现出参与政治事务的积极性,随着全国性征兵政策的实施,军队得到发展。军队规模扩大,军队内的派系数量也在增加。军队试图超越种族、宗教差异性,建立一支国内各派共管的军队,从而将伊拉克多个派系汇合成单一的国家机构。 第二章重点分析了1936-1941年发生的军事政变。1936-1941年伊拉克国内局势动荡,政权更迭频繁。这期间,伊拉克文官政治衰弱,军队在政治进程中发挥显著作用。伊拉克军队决定国家命运,军官成为政客的庇护人。民族主义军官频繁卷入政治事件。 第三章重点介绍在英国帮助下伊拉克军队重建。三十天战争后英国实现对伊拉克的“第二次占领”,英国为了实现伊拉克军队的去政治化,使军队置于政府控制之下,对伊拉克军队进行重建。重建后的伊拉克军队进一步参加国内外事务,如1943-1945年镇压库尔德起义以及巴勒斯坦战争,从而证明伊拉克军事重建的目的是将军队置于政府控制之下,实现军队镇压国内叛乱、保证国家的稳定和安全的目标。 第四章对伊拉克军队的分裂做了分析。伊拉克国内民族、宗教和意识形态上的差异性折射到伊拉克军队之中,造成军队中派系林立混乱。 结语部分对中东的军政关系进行简要概述。因中东特殊的历史因素和特定的国际国内环境,造成军队在中东政治生活中扮演着不同于其它国家的角色。
[Abstract]:One of the most striking features of Iraq's political process is the military's attempt to control the state. The Iraqi army was founded in 1921 until it was demobilized after the 2003 Iraq War and served Iraq for 82 years. There is an interest-bearing relationship between the Iraqi government and the army. All the regimes in Iraq tried to make the army a supporter of their regime. Both sides make use of each other and need each other. The army has an impact on the stability of the Iraqi regime, influencing political development on numerous occasions by ordering or overthrowing the government. The Iraqi army is not completely unified. In Iraq, the threat of military involvement in politics, the army-civil relations everywhere. There is no unity of thought in the army, divided by personal prestige, ideology, and racially-sectarian interests. This division is based on the division of the military, religion and ethnic minorities, is the epitome of the division of Iraqi society itself. Throughout Iraq's political development, the Iraqi army prides itself on being a pillar of national security and unity, despite the differences in its military. Rather than confine troops to barracks, the Iraqi army is more like the security apparatus of the state, securing the legitimacy of the regime by force. Iraqi forces maintain political stability in Iraq and address the threat posed by tribal uprisings, sectarian and Kurdish insurgencies. The Iraqi army has always been a double-edged sword: it has guaranteed the existence of power, but it has also become a threat to the government. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the establishment of the Iraqi army during the British mandate period. Iraqi politicians tried to use the army to defend the newly established country. After Iraq gained independence in 1932, the army showed even more enthusiasm for participating in political affairs. With the implementation of the national conscription policy, the army was developed. The size of the army has grown and the number of factions within the army has increased. The army tried to transcend ethnic and religious differences and build an army run by all factions in the country, thus bringing Iraqi factions together into a single national institution. The second chapter focuses on the analysis of the military coup in 1936-1941. During this period, Iraqi civil servants became politically weak and the military played a prominent role in the political process. The Iraqi army decided the fate of the country, and the officers became the protectors of politicians. Nationalist officers are frequently involved in political affairs. The third chapter focuses on the reconstruction of the Iraqi army with the help of Britain. After 30 days of war, Britain realized the "second occupation" of Iraq. In order to realize the depoliticization of the Iraqi army, the British army was placed under the control of the government to rebuild the Iraqi army. The further involvement of the reconstructed Iraqi forces in domestic and foreign affairs, such as the suppression of the Kurdish uprising in 1943-1945 and the Palestinian War, proves that the purpose of the military reconstruction in Iraq is to bring the army under the control of the Government and to achieve the military suppression of the internal insurgency, The objective of ensuring the stability and security of the country. The fourth chapter analyzes the division of the Iraqi army. Ethnic, religious and ideological differences in Iraq reflected in the Iraqi army, resulting in factional chaos in the army. The conclusion part gives a brief overview of the military-government relationship in the Middle East. Because of the special historical factors and special international and domestic environment, the military plays a different role in the political life of the Middle East.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K377.5;E377
本文编号：2279883
[Abstract]:One of the most striking features of Iraq's political process is the military's attempt to control the state. The Iraqi army was founded in 1921 until it was demobilized after the 2003 Iraq War and served Iraq for 82 years. There is an interest-bearing relationship between the Iraqi government and the army. All the regimes in Iraq tried to make the army a supporter of their regime. Both sides make use of each other and need each other. The army has an impact on the stability of the Iraqi regime, influencing political development on numerous occasions by ordering or overthrowing the government. The Iraqi army is not completely unified. In Iraq, the threat of military involvement in politics, the army-civil relations everywhere. There is no unity of thought in the army, divided by personal prestige, ideology, and racially-sectarian interests. This division is based on the division of the military, religion and ethnic minorities, is the epitome of the division of Iraqi society itself. Throughout Iraq's political development, the Iraqi army prides itself on being a pillar of national security and unity, despite the differences in its military. Rather than confine troops to barracks, the Iraqi army is more like the security apparatus of the state, securing the legitimacy of the regime by force. Iraqi forces maintain political stability in Iraq and address the threat posed by tribal uprisings, sectarian and Kurdish insurgencies. The Iraqi army has always been a double-edged sword: it has guaranteed the existence of power, but it has also become a threat to the government. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the establishment of the Iraqi army during the British mandate period. Iraqi politicians tried to use the army to defend the newly established country. After Iraq gained independence in 1932, the army showed even more enthusiasm for participating in political affairs. With the implementation of the national conscription policy, the army was developed. The size of the army has grown and the number of factions within the army has increased. The army tried to transcend ethnic and religious differences and build an army run by all factions in the country, thus bringing Iraqi factions together into a single national institution. The second chapter focuses on the analysis of the military coup in 1936-1941. During this period, Iraqi civil servants became politically weak and the military played a prominent role in the political process. The Iraqi army decided the fate of the country, and the officers became the protectors of politicians. Nationalist officers are frequently involved in political affairs. The third chapter focuses on the reconstruction of the Iraqi army with the help of Britain. After 30 days of war, Britain realized the "second occupation" of Iraq. In order to realize the depoliticization of the Iraqi army, the British army was placed under the control of the government to rebuild the Iraqi army. The further involvement of the reconstructed Iraqi forces in domestic and foreign affairs, such as the suppression of the Kurdish uprising in 1943-1945 and the Palestinian War, proves that the purpose of the military reconstruction in Iraq is to bring the army under the control of the Government and to achieve the military suppression of the internal insurgency, The objective of ensuring the stability and security of the country. The fourth chapter analyzes the division of the Iraqi army. Ethnic, religious and ideological differences in Iraq reflected in the Iraqi army, resulting in factional chaos in the army. The conclusion part gives a brief overview of the military-government relationship in the Middle East. Because of the special historical factors and special international and domestic environment, the military plays a different role in the political life of the Middle East.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K377.5;E377
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 黄民兴;第二次世界大战与中东民族主义的发展[J];西安教育学院学报;1996年04期
2 汪树民;阿拉伯国家的内部冲突与第一次中东战争的失败[J];历史教学;2002年10期
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