论16、17世纪英国同业公会

发布时间：2018-10-21 18:39

【摘要】：作为西欧社会重要的经济组织之一,公会在中世纪晚期、近代早期的英国城市经济生活中占有重要地位。自14世纪下半叶,随着商品经济的发展,资本主义生产关系萌芽的出现,城市中手工业行会不断地发展和变化,通过逐渐分化和联合,形成了更大的组织——公会,它适应了当时生产力水平,在一定程度上保护和发展了萌芽中的资本主义生产关系。本文主要从四部分对公会进行论述。第一部分论述手工业行会向公会的过渡。一部分对16、17世纪英国社会商品市场经济的发展作简要论述；另一部分主要对中世纪晚期,为适应经济发展的需要,手工业行会纷纷向更大组织——公会过渡进行简要的梳理,理顺行会向公会过渡的时间、途径等。第二部分论述同业公会的生产属性。在这一部分主要讲述资本主义生产方式的产生,它对公会带来的影响以及公会内部组织生产方式发生了怎样的变化,以自己愚见,认为原来的行会内部采用师傅-帮工-学徒同一程序内的混合生产制,后来变为“大师傅”及商人资本家与小师傅阶层间的分成生产。第三部分论述公会内部的组织结构。此部分的结构重点介绍内部人员构成上发生等级变化及要对公会的职能进行论述,阐述公会职能的不断强化。此外,还要强调公会内部商人力量的不断壮大,商业公会实力不断增强。第四部分论述公会的历史地位。这一部分主要从两大方面进行阐述：一方面从对当时英国城市经济的积极影响上；另一方面是探究公会的社会局限性,从对技术革新与传承、公会成员权利的限制方面探讨其局限性。在结语部分,文章对全文内容进行了简要的回顾总结,指出同业公会的本质属性及其走向衰亡的历史命运。
[Abstract]:As one of the important economic organizations in Western Europe, guilds played an important role in the economic life of English cities in the late Middle Ages and early modern times. Since the second half of the 14th century, with the development of commodity economy and the emergence of capitalist relations of production, handicraft guilds in cities have been developing and changing constantly. Through gradual differentiation and association, a larger organization, the guild, has been formed. It adapted to the level of productivity at that time and protected and developed the budding capitalist relations of production to a certain extent. This paper mainly discusses the guild from four parts. The first part discusses the transition from handicraft guild to guild. One part briefly discusses the development of the British social commodity market economy in the 16th and 17th centuries, and the other part mainly deals with the needs of economic development in the late Middle Ages. In order to meet the needs of economic development, handicraft trade associations have one after another made a brief combing of the transition to a larger organization, the guild. Straighten out the time, path, etc from guild to guild. The second part discusses the production attribute of the trade association. In this part, we mainly talk about the emergence of capitalist mode of production, the influence it brings to guild and how the mode of production within guild has changed. It is considered that the original guild used the mixed production system of the same procedure of master, helper and apprentice, and later became the "master" and the division between the merchant capitalists and the little masters. The third part discusses the internal structure of the guild. The structure of this part mainly introduces the internal personnel structure changes and the function of the guild, expounds the constant strengthening of the guild's function. In addition, we should also emphasize the growing strength of businessmen within the guild and the strength of the commercial guild. The fourth part discusses the historical status of guild. This part is mainly from two aspects: on the one hand, from the positive impact on the British urban economy; on the other hand, it explores the social limitations of the guild, from the technical innovation and inheritance. The limitations of the rights of guild members are discussed. In the conclusion part, the article makes a brief review and summary of the content of the full text, and points out the essential attribute of the trade association and its historical fate.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F156.1;K561

【参考文献】