斯兰斯基案件研究
发布时间：2018-10-21 19:45
【摘要】： 本文主要对1952年12月在布拉格发生的斯兰斯基审判案作一番探讨。 1948—1953年,苏联在东欧各国发起了新一轮的大清洗运动,波及范围极广。在捷克斯洛伐克,影响最大的当数1951—1952年所谓的“斯兰斯基反党反国家阴谋中心案”,14名被告都是党政领导人或高级干部。连斯兰斯基共有11人被判死刑,其余3人被判无期徒刑。斯兰斯基是捷克斯洛伐克共产党的创始人之一,地位仅次于总统哥特瓦尔德,他二战时呆在莫斯科,二战后回国担任捷共党的总书记。他是一名坚定的斯大林主义分子和莫斯科路线的积极追随者。斯兰斯基在清洗的初期阶段曾扮演了斯大林的刽子手的角色:从他的同志中搜索党的敌人,并把他们交给苏联和捷克斯洛伐克的秘密警察,深得斯大林和贝利亚的信任。然而,就是这样一位高层领导人物,却在1952年12月被斯大林和他一手创建的党以托洛茨基分子、铁托分子、犹太复国主义分子等罪名送上了绞刑架。 斯兰斯基案件是冷战时代的一个缩影,也是这一时期东欧政治审判的一个典型。了解这一历史事件对于我们更深刻地认识冷战的特点和苏联及其东欧盟国的共产主义具有重要的意义。本文在借鉴前人著作的基础上充分利用了最新解密的档案材料,以期对这一历史事件作出清晰、全面的回顾和解释。 本文正文分为四个部分: 第一部分介绍斯兰斯基案件的始末。包括斯兰斯基被捕前的活动和斯兰斯基命运的转折,以及之后对斯兰斯基的逮捕、审讯过程和最后的审判。重点强调了斯大林和苏联顾问在斯兰斯基垮台时所发挥的关键作用,以及审讯过程中所使用的非法手段和最后审判的戏剧化色彩。 第二部分分析斯兰斯基案件发生的原因。斯兰斯基案件的发生有三个方面的原因。1948年是美苏冷战形成的时期,苏联出于抗衡美国、控制东欧和反犹的目的,需要在东欧各国开展一场公开审判。到1951年这场清洗运动逐渐扩散到捷克斯洛伐克:在这段时期内,捷共党内的集团斗争促使斯大林对斯兰斯基的怀疑不断增加;而西方间谍机构恰好利用了这种怀疑实施了反间计,他们制作出了一封提醒斯兰斯基逃往西方的“伟大的清洁工”信,正是这封信使斯大林和哥特瓦尔德下定决心对斯兰斯基进行了逮捕、逼供、审判和处决。 第三部分简要阐述斯兰斯基案件造成的社会影响。斯兰斯基案件造成了极大的社会影响。它恶化了两大阵营之间的关系,加剧了国际关系的紧张局势,并遭到了以前非常同情捷克斯洛伐克共和国发展的世界进步舆论的反对和抗议。斯兰斯基案件尤其对捷克斯洛伐克的政治、经济和社会生活产生了特别消极的影响。 第四部分分析被告和审问人员的动机。以此来加深我们对这一冷战片断的认识。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly discusses the Slansky trial in Prague in December 1952. From 1948-1953, the Soviet Union launched a new round of purge movement in the countries of Eastern Europe, which affected a wide range. In Czechoslovakia, 14 defendants were party leaders or senior cadres in the so-called "Slansky Anti-State plot Center case" from 1951 to 1952. A total of 11 people were sentenced to death and the remaining three were sentenced to life imprisonment. One of the founders of the Czechoslovak Communist Party, Slansky was second only to President Gottwald, who stayed in Moscow during World War II and returned to his post as general secretary of the Czech Communist Party after World War II. He was a staunch Stalinist and an active follower of the Moscow line. In the early stages of purge, Slansky acted as Stalin's executioner: searching his comrades for his enemies and handing them over to the secret police of the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia, winning the trust of Stalin and Beria. However, it was such a senior leader who in December 1952 was put on the gallows by Stalin and his party on charges of Trotsky, Tito and Zionism. The Slansky case is a epitome of the Cold War era and a typical political trial in Eastern Europe. Understanding this historical event is of great significance for us to better understand the characteristics of the Cold War and the communism of the Soviet Union and its allies in Eastern Europe. Based on the previous works, this paper makes full use of the newly declassified archival materials in order to make a clear and comprehensive review and explanation of this historical event. The text of this paper is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the beginning and end of the Slansky case. These include Slansky's pre-arrest activities and the turn of his fate, as well as his subsequent arrest, interrogation and final trial. The key role played by Stalin and the Soviet advisers in the fall of Sransky, the illegal means used in the trial and the dramatization of the final trial were emphasized. The second part analyzes the causes of the Slansky case. In 1948, when the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union was formed, the Soviet Union needed a public trial in Eastern Europe for the purpose of resisting the United States and controlling Eastern Europe and anti-Semitism. By 1951 the purge had spread to Czechoslovakia: during that period Stalin's suspicion of Sransky grew; Western espionage agencies took advantage of this suspicion to carry out counter-measures, producing a letter reminding Sransky to flee to the West as "the Great Cleaner." It was this messenger Stalin and Gottwald made up their minds to arrest, extract confessions, try and execute Sransky. The third part briefly describes the social impact of the Slansky case. The Slansky case had a great social impact. It worsened relations between the two camps, heightened tensions in international relations and met with opposition and protest from the progressive world opinion that had been very sympathetic to the development of the Czechoslovak Republic. The Slansky case had a particularly negative impact on Czechoslovakia's political, economic and social life. The fourth part analyzes the motives of defendants and interrogators. In order to deepen our understanding of this cold war fragment.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K512.5
本文编号：2286174
[Abstract]:This paper mainly discusses the Slansky trial in Prague in December 1952. From 1948-1953, the Soviet Union launched a new round of purge movement in the countries of Eastern Europe, which affected a wide range. In Czechoslovakia, 14 defendants were party leaders or senior cadres in the so-called "Slansky Anti-State plot Center case" from 1951 to 1952. A total of 11 people were sentenced to death and the remaining three were sentenced to life imprisonment. One of the founders of the Czechoslovak Communist Party, Slansky was second only to President Gottwald, who stayed in Moscow during World War II and returned to his post as general secretary of the Czech Communist Party after World War II. He was a staunch Stalinist and an active follower of the Moscow line. In the early stages of purge, Slansky acted as Stalin's executioner: searching his comrades for his enemies and handing them over to the secret police of the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia, winning the trust of Stalin and Beria. However, it was such a senior leader who in December 1952 was put on the gallows by Stalin and his party on charges of Trotsky, Tito and Zionism. The Slansky case is a epitome of the Cold War era and a typical political trial in Eastern Europe. Understanding this historical event is of great significance for us to better understand the characteristics of the Cold War and the communism of the Soviet Union and its allies in Eastern Europe. Based on the previous works, this paper makes full use of the newly declassified archival materials in order to make a clear and comprehensive review and explanation of this historical event. The text of this paper is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the beginning and end of the Slansky case. These include Slansky's pre-arrest activities and the turn of his fate, as well as his subsequent arrest, interrogation and final trial. The key role played by Stalin and the Soviet advisers in the fall of Sransky, the illegal means used in the trial and the dramatization of the final trial were emphasized. The second part analyzes the causes of the Slansky case. In 1948, when the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union was formed, the Soviet Union needed a public trial in Eastern Europe for the purpose of resisting the United States and controlling Eastern Europe and anti-Semitism. By 1951 the purge had spread to Czechoslovakia: during that period Stalin's suspicion of Sransky grew; Western espionage agencies took advantage of this suspicion to carry out counter-measures, producing a letter reminding Sransky to flee to the West as "the Great Cleaner." It was this messenger Stalin and Gottwald made up their minds to arrest, extract confessions, try and execute Sransky. The third part briefly describes the social impact of the Slansky case. The Slansky case had a great social impact. It worsened relations between the two camps, heightened tensions in international relations and met with opposition and protest from the progressive world opinion that had been very sympathetic to the development of the Czechoslovak Republic. The Slansky case had a particularly negative impact on Czechoslovakia's political, economic and social life. The fourth part analyzes the motives of defendants and interrogators. In order to deepen our understanding of this cold war fragment.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K512.5
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 和婷;苏联集团对以色列的军事援助（1947-1949）[D];陕西师范大学;2011年
，本文编号：2286174
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