冷战后的国际冲突及影响

发布时间：2018-10-22 07:03

【摘要】： 一般来说,冲突是指人与人、群体与群体之间基于某种不相容的目标或社会价值而发生的激烈对立的社会互动方式和过程,冲突是人们之间的一种直接的反对关系。冲突是人类历史上一种常见的社会现象,伴随着人类社会发展演进的整个过程,是影响人类社会历史发展的基本问题。而国际冲突是指国际行为体之间因争夺权力、资源、社会价值而进行的压制、伤害或消灭对方的行为或目标不相容时所处的状态。国际冲突通常有由冲突主体、不相容目标和冲突行为三个基本要素构成。由于国际冲突现象本身的复杂性,迄今为止还不存在一种普遍适用的冲突和战争理论。现实主义强调国家间冲突的持久倾向;自由主义寻找减轻这些冲突倾向的方法;建构主义则主要从文化观念角度来理解国际冲突。西方国际冲突研究所涉及的冲突内涵及冲突主体等正在发生变化,出现了综合研究的趋势。而马克思主义在分析冷战后的国际冲突根源、解决途径等问题时仍具有较强的现实意义。因此本文采用综合的视角来考察、研究冷战后国际冲突的新变化。从发生频率来看,冷战后国际冲突的演变,大致经历了一个先扬后抑、再扬又抑两个过程。冷战结束初期,由于国际体系失衡,一些地区出现“权力真空”,两极格局掩盖下的各种矛盾纷纷爆发出来,造成国际冲突频发。此后,大国之间调整了关系,联合国等国际组织也在冲突预防及处理方面发挥了很大作用,国际形势有所缓和。但随着美国单边主义倾向抬头及恐怖主义袭击频繁活动,自20世纪90年代末开始,国际冲突发生频率再次上升。冷战后的国际冲突呈现出发生频率下降、发生地区相对集中、冲突主体日趋复杂、国际冲突国内化、多有外部力量参与等特征。冷战后的国际冲突仍大致可以从国家利益、结构矛盾、政治经济发展不平衡三个方面来分析冷战后国际冲突的根源。对领土资源的争夺、国内冲突外溢、文化冲突、外来干涉则是导致国际冲突的直接原因。尽管国际冲突的起因、规模、类型有很大差异,但无一例外地会危害相关国家的安全,并对周边国家乃至全球产生重大影响。首先,国际冲突会冲击大国关系。其次,给冲突各方造成巨大经济损失。第三,一些国际冲突加剧了不同文化间的隔阂。最后,国际冲突还可能造成环境污染,引发生态灾难。冷战结束后,大国之间的关系总体上较为缓和,以联合国为代表的国际组织在冲突解决方面发挥的作用越来越大,东盟等地区安全机制也在一定程度上促进了一些国际冲突的解决,危机管理机制、国际法成为解决国际争端的重要途径,但从根本上讲,解决国际冲突,还需要消除国际冲突的根源,即实现全球经济、社会均衡发展,以构建一个相对和谐、共同进步的世界。
[Abstract]:Generally speaking, conflict refers to the intensely opposite way and process of social interaction between people, groups and groups based on some incompatible goal or social value. Conflict is a kind of direct opposition relationship between people. Conflict is a common social phenomenon in human history, which is accompanied by the whole process of the development of human society, and it is the basic problem that affects the historical development of human society. The international conflict refers to the state in which international actors suppress, injure or eliminate the other party's behavior or objective incompatibility because of competing for power, resources and social value. International conflict usually consists of three basic elements: the subject of the conflict, the incompatible object and the conflict behavior. Due to the complexity of the phenomenon of international conflict, there is no universally applicable theory of conflict and war. Realism emphasizes the lasting tendency of inter-state conflicts; liberalism seeks ways to alleviate these conflicts; constructivism understands international conflicts mainly from the perspective of cultural concepts. The connotation and subject of conflict in western international conflict research are changing, and the trend of comprehensive research appears. Marxism is still of great practical significance in analyzing the causes of international conflicts after the cold war and solving the problems. Therefore, this paper studies the new changes of international conflicts after the Cold War from a comprehensive perspective. From the frequency of occurrence, the evolution of international conflicts after the Cold War has undergone two processes: first, then suppresses, and then again. At the beginning of the Cold War, due to the imbalance of the international system, a "power vacuum" appeared in some regions, and various contradictions under the cover of the bipolar pattern broke out one after another, resulting in frequent international conflicts. Since then, the great powers have adjusted their relations, the United Nations and other international organizations have also played a great role in conflict prevention and management, and the international situation has eased. However, with the rise of unilateralism and frequent terrorist attacks in the United States, the frequency of international conflicts has increased again since the late 1990s. The international conflicts after the Cold War show the characteristics of decreasing frequency, relatively concentrated areas, increasingly complex subjects, internalization of international conflicts and participation of external forces. The international conflicts after the Cold War can still be analyzed from three aspects: national interests, structural contradictions and imbalance of political and economic development. The direct cause of the international conflict is the territorial competition, the spillover of internal conflict, the conflict of culture and the external interference. Although the causes, scale and types of international conflicts are very different, without exception, they will endanger the security of the countries concerned and have a significant impact on the neighboring countries and even the whole world. First, international conflicts can shock power relations. Second, the parties to the conflict caused enormous economic losses. Third, some international conflicts have exacerbated the gap between different cultures. Finally, international conflicts may cause environmental pollution and lead to ecological disasters. Since the end of the cold war, relations between the major Powers have generally eased, and international organizations, represented by the United Nations, are playing an increasingly important role in conflict resolution. To some extent, ASEAN and other regional security mechanisms have also promoted the resolution of some international conflicts, crisis management mechanisms and international law have become an important way to resolve international disputes, but fundamentally, to resolve international conflicts. There is also a need to eliminate the root causes of international conflicts, that is, to achieve global economic and social balanced development in order to build a relatively harmonious and progressive world.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K153

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