中世纪早期欧洲蛮族的迁移及其影响
发布时间：2018-10-24 08:50
【摘要】： 欧洲现代各国的前身大多起源于西罗马帝国灭亡之后,而现代欧洲民族也同样与那时的三大古老民族有着密切关系,这三个民族分别是:凯尔特人、日耳曼人、斯拉夫人。凯尔特人在现代分布较少,而后两者则分别是现代西欧与东欧的主要民族。这几个民族在发展的过程中生发出了许多支系,并各自建立起自己的国家,但它们之间的联系并没有因此而割断,在现代社会他们面临的许多问题都与此有着十分微妙的关系。这些民族的交往作为一个整体,是当时欧洲普遍存在的一种形式。放眼整个欧洲,这些民族及自身各个分支的互相制约一方面奠定了东西欧互相对峙的格局,另一方面也奠定了欧洲近代民族国家的基本轮廓,并且也深刻影响到了欧洲封建制度的形成。 本文共分为三个部分: 第一部分简要介绍在五世纪之前欧洲各主要蛮族的大致分布状况,以及罗马在向地中海以北地区扩张时期与各民族的接触与交流;当时凯尔特人势力很大,分布很广,但是日耳曼人已从遥远的北欧逐步向欧洲内陆地区迁移,并逐步向大陆各个地区扩散。 第二部分主要介绍在公元五百年左右,匈奴人的到来迫使各蛮族西迁。罗马人开始溃退,凯尔特人的空间被严重压缩,日耳曼人占据了原来高卢及周边广大地区,形成了一系列的蛮族小国。在东面,斯拉夫人逐渐兴起并向西迁移,并深受拜占庭文明的影响,其中巴尔干地区成为了各民族和文明的交汇的地区。在这些民族不断发展与扩张的同时,也深刻的影响到了欧洲整个封建制度的形成,使得东、西欧各自走上了不同的发展道路。 第三部分主要介绍在十世纪前后,来自北欧的残留的日耳曼人所发动的类似于海盗性质的活动。他们活动猖獗,分布广泛,对欧洲大部份国家政治、经济都造成了很大的影响。使本来已经错综的民族问题更加复杂。随着这次侵袭的结束,蛮族对于欧洲大陆的威胁也就逐渐消逝了。
[Abstract]:Most of the forerunners of modern European countries originated after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, and the modern European nations were also closely related to the three ancient peoples at that time: Celtic, Germanic, Slavic. The Celts were less distributed in modern times, and the latter two were the main peoples of modern Western and Eastern Europe respectively. In the process of development, these nations have developed many branches and established their own countries, but their connections have not been cut off, and many of the problems they face in modern society have a very delicate relationship with them. The communication of these nationalities as a whole was a form of common existence in Europe at that time. Looking at the whole of Europe, on the one hand, the mutual restriction of these nationalities and their own branches has laid the pattern of confrontation between East, West and Europe, on the other hand, it has also laid the basic outline of Europe's modern nation-state. And also profoundly affected the formation of European feudalism. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part briefly introduces the distribution of the main barbarians in Europe before the fifth century, and the contacts and exchanges between Rome and the nationalities during the expansion period to the north of the Mediterranean; At that time the Celts were very powerful and widely distributed, but the Germans had gradually moved from distant northern Europe to the interior of Europe, and gradually spread to various parts of the continent. The second part mainly introduces that about 500 AD, the arrival of the Huns forced the barbarians to move westward. The Romans began to retreat, the Celtic space was severely compressed, the Germanic occupied the original Gaul and surrounding areas, forming a series of barbarian small countries. To the east, the Slavs began to rise and migrate westward, and were deeply influenced by Byzantine civilization, in which the Balkan region became the intersection of peoples and civilizations. With the continuous development and expansion of these peoples, the formation of the feudal system in Europe was also deeply influenced, which made the eastern and western Europe walk on different development paths. The third part mainly introduces the pirate-like activities launched by the remaining Germans from northern Europe around the tenth century. Their activities are rampant and widespread, and have had a great impact on the politics and economy of most European countries. It complicates the already intricate ethnic problems. With the end of the invasion, the brute threat to the continent faded away.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K13
本文编号：2290909
[Abstract]:Most of the forerunners of modern European countries originated after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, and the modern European nations were also closely related to the three ancient peoples at that time: Celtic, Germanic, Slavic. The Celts were less distributed in modern times, and the latter two were the main peoples of modern Western and Eastern Europe respectively. In the process of development, these nations have developed many branches and established their own countries, but their connections have not been cut off, and many of the problems they face in modern society have a very delicate relationship with them. The communication of these nationalities as a whole was a form of common existence in Europe at that time. Looking at the whole of Europe, on the one hand, the mutual restriction of these nationalities and their own branches has laid the pattern of confrontation between East, West and Europe, on the other hand, it has also laid the basic outline of Europe's modern nation-state. And also profoundly affected the formation of European feudalism. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part briefly introduces the distribution of the main barbarians in Europe before the fifth century, and the contacts and exchanges between Rome and the nationalities during the expansion period to the north of the Mediterranean; At that time the Celts were very powerful and widely distributed, but the Germans had gradually moved from distant northern Europe to the interior of Europe, and gradually spread to various parts of the continent. The second part mainly introduces that about 500 AD, the arrival of the Huns forced the barbarians to move westward. The Romans began to retreat, the Celtic space was severely compressed, the Germanic occupied the original Gaul and surrounding areas, forming a series of barbarian small countries. To the east, the Slavs began to rise and migrate westward, and were deeply influenced by Byzantine civilization, in which the Balkan region became the intersection of peoples and civilizations. With the continuous development and expansion of these peoples, the formation of the feudal system in Europe was also deeply influenced, which made the eastern and western Europe walk on different development paths. The third part mainly introduces the pirate-like activities launched by the remaining Germans from northern Europe around the tenth century. Their activities are rampant and widespread, and have had a great impact on the politics and economy of most European countries. It complicates the already intricate ethnic problems. With the end of the invasion, the brute threat to the continent faded away.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K13
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