论二战后期英国对希腊的干涉（1944.12-1945.2）
发布时间：2018-10-26 12:59
【摘要】：自19世纪30年代希腊独立以来,英国一直将希腊视为自己的势力范围。二战爆发前夕,面对意大利法西斯对希腊的威胁,英国宣布向希腊提供保证。1940年10月至1941年5月,德意法西斯入侵希腊,英国派出远征军援助希腊,但未能击退德意法西斯。希腊沦陷后,英国大力扶持希腊国王及其流亡政府,为战后建立一个亲英的希腊政府做准备。同时,英国还对希腊反法西斯抵抗运动的主力军民族解放阵线提供了援助。但随着世界反法西斯战争的胜利已成定局,英国对希腊民族解放阵线渐生敌意和防范之心。 1944年12月初,以希腊共产党为主导力量的民族解放阵线与希腊政府发生冲突,英国悍然出兵对希腊进行武装干涉,企图镇压希腊民族解放阵线及其军队希腊全国人民解放军。尽管在丘吉尔的强硬命令下,驻希英军对希腊全国人民解放军展开了全面进攻,但英军第一阶段的进攻行动大多并未取得成功。到1944年12月8日,除了雅典市正中心以外,希腊全国人民解放军控制着雅典-比雷埃夫斯的大部分地区。 于是,以丘吉尔为首的英国政府又开始策划增派英军赶赴希腊,以击败希腊全国人民解放军。除军事镇压外,英国方面还采用政治手段对希腊内政进行大肆的干涉,包括任命摄政和重组政府等方面,企图通过政治途径来蒙骗希腊民族解放阵线和全国人民解放军,并削弱其政治力量,将希腊共产党排除在希腊政府之外。 在英国的政治军事干涉之下,希腊民族解放阵线与希腊政府于1945年1月、2月签订停战协定和“瓦尔基扎协定”,这无疑是英国1944年12月以来对希腊干涉的胜利,希腊全国人民解放军被解散,民族解放阵线在整个希腊的力量也大为削弱,亲英的希腊政府重新建立,英国暂时保住了对希腊的控制。但停战协定和“瓦尔基扎协定”并没有为希腊带来真正的和平,英国的干涉并不能解决希腊的问题,受英国支持的希腊政府及其武装力量对希腊共产党进行大肆的报复和镇压,所谓的和平不过是一种表面假象。 纵观1944年12月至1945年2月英国对希腊的干涉,英国对希腊民族解放阵线和希腊全国人民解放军残酷镇压,对希腊政府大力扶持,其目的在于确保二战后继续控制希腊。希腊的地理位置在英国战后利益中的重要性、丘吉尔的反共立场为英国提供了充分的干涉动机,而“巴尔干百分比协定”和美苏的纵容则使英国的干涉更加有恃无恐。在世界反法西斯战争尚未取得最终胜利之时,英国甚至不惜将原本应在意大利战场上作战的英军派到希腊去镇压昔日曾共同对德意法西斯作战的民族解放阵线及全国人民解放军,这显然与世界反法西斯事业相违背,同时也是霸权主义的体现。
[Abstract]:Britain has regarded Greece as its sphere of influence since its independence in the 1830 s. On the eve of the outbreak of World War II, in the face of the threat posed by the Italian fascists to Greece, Britain announced that it would provide assurances to Greece. From October 1940 to May 1941, Germany and Italy invaded Greece and Britain sent expeditions to assist Greece, but failed to repel the German-Italian fascism. After the fall of Greece, Britain strongly supported the Greek king and his exiled government in preparation for the establishment of a pro-British Greek government after the war. At the same time, Britain also provided assistance to the National Liberation Front, the main force of the Greek anti-fascist resistance. But as the victory of the world anti-fascist war became inevitable, Britain became hostile and defensive towards the Greek National Liberation Front. At the beginning of December 1944, the National Liberation Front (NLF), which was dominated by the Greek Communist Party, clashed with the Greek government, and Britain brazenly sent troops to intervene in the armed intervention of Greece in an attempt to suppress the Greek National Liberation Front and its army, the Greek National people's Liberation Army. Despite Churchill's tough orders, the British troops in Greece launched a full-scale offensive against the Greek National people's Liberation Army, but the first phase of the British offensive was largely unsuccessful. By December 8, 1944, the Hellenic National people's Liberation Army controlled much of Athens-Piraeus, with the exception of the center of Athens. The British government, led by Churchill, began planning to send more troops to Greece to defeat the Greek National people's Liberation Army. In addition to military repression, the British side also used political means to carry out wanton interference in the internal affairs of Greece, including the appointment of regents and the reorganization of the Government, in an attempt to deceive the Greek National Liberation Front and the National people's Liberation Army through political means. And weaken its political power, excluding the Greek Communist Party from the Greek government. Under British political and military intervention, the Greek National Liberation Front and the Greek Government signed the Armistice Agreement and the Valkiza Agreement in January and February 1945, which is undoubtedly a victory for British intervention in Greece since December 1944. The Greek National people's Liberation Army was disbanded, the National Liberation Front was weakened throughout Greece, the pro-British Greek government was re-established and Britain temporarily retained control of Greece. However, the Armistice Agreement and the Valkyza Agreement did not bring real peace to Greece. British intervention could not solve the Greek problem, and the Greek government and its armed forces, which were supported by Britain, carried out a wanton revenge and repression against the Greek Communist Party. The so-called peace is but a superficial illusion. From December 1944 to February 1945, the British intervention in Greece, the brutal suppression of the Greek National Liberation Front and the Greek National people's Liberation Army, and the strong support to the Greek government, aimed at ensuring the continued control of Greece after World War II. The importance of Greece's geographical position in Britain's postwar interests, Churchill's anti-communist position provided Britain with sufficient incentive to interfere, while the Balkan percentage Agreement and the connivance of the United States and Soviet Union made British intervention more fearless. At a time when the world's anti-fascist war was not yet a final victory, Britain even did not hesitate to send British troops who should have fought on the Italian battlefield to Greece to suppress the National Liberation Front and the National people's Liberation Army, which had fought jointly against Germany and Italy in the past. This obviously runs counter to the anti-fascist cause of the world. It is also the embodiment of hegemonism.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K152
[Abstract]:Britain has regarded Greece as its sphere of influence since its independence in the 1830 s. On the eve of the outbreak of World War II, in the face of the threat posed by the Italian fascists to Greece, Britain announced that it would provide assurances to Greece. From October 1940 to May 1941, Germany and Italy invaded Greece and Britain sent expeditions to assist Greece, but failed to repel the German-Italian fascism. After the fall of Greece, Britain strongly supported the Greek king and his exiled government in preparation for the establishment of a pro-British Greek government after the war. At the same time, Britain also provided assistance to the National Liberation Front, the main force of the Greek anti-fascist resistance. But as the victory of the world anti-fascist war became inevitable, Britain became hostile and defensive towards the Greek National Liberation Front. At the beginning of December 1944, the National Liberation Front (NLF), which was dominated by the Greek Communist Party, clashed with the Greek government, and Britain brazenly sent troops to intervene in the armed intervention of Greece in an attempt to suppress the Greek National Liberation Front and its army, the Greek National people's Liberation Army. Despite Churchill's tough orders, the British troops in Greece launched a full-scale offensive against the Greek National people's Liberation Army, but the first phase of the British offensive was largely unsuccessful. By December 8, 1944, the Hellenic National people's Liberation Army controlled much of Athens-Piraeus, with the exception of the center of Athens. The British government, led by Churchill, began planning to send more troops to Greece to defeat the Greek National people's Liberation Army. In addition to military repression, the British side also used political means to carry out wanton interference in the internal affairs of Greece, including the appointment of regents and the reorganization of the Government, in an attempt to deceive the Greek National Liberation Front and the National people's Liberation Army through political means. And weaken its political power, excluding the Greek Communist Party from the Greek government. Under British political and military intervention, the Greek National Liberation Front and the Greek Government signed the Armistice Agreement and the Valkiza Agreement in January and February 1945, which is undoubtedly a victory for British intervention in Greece since December 1944. The Greek National people's Liberation Army was disbanded, the National Liberation Front was weakened throughout Greece, the pro-British Greek government was re-established and Britain temporarily retained control of Greece. However, the Armistice Agreement and the Valkyza Agreement did not bring real peace to Greece. British intervention could not solve the Greek problem, and the Greek government and its armed forces, which were supported by Britain, carried out a wanton revenge and repression against the Greek Communist Party. The so-called peace is but a superficial illusion. From December 1944 to February 1945, the British intervention in Greece, the brutal suppression of the Greek National Liberation Front and the Greek National people's Liberation Army, and the strong support to the Greek government, aimed at ensuring the continued control of Greece after World War II. The importance of Greece's geographical position in Britain's postwar interests, Churchill's anti-communist position provided Britain with sufficient incentive to interfere, while the Balkan percentage Agreement and the connivance of the United States and Soviet Union made British intervention more fearless. At a time when the world's anti-fascist war was not yet a final victory, Britain even did not hesitate to send British troops who should have fought on the Italian battlefield to Greece to suppress the National Liberation Front and the National people's Liberation Army, which had fought jointly against Germany and Italy in the past. This obviously runs counter to the anti-fascist cause of the world. It is also the embodiment of hegemonism.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K152
【相似文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 ，
本文编号：2295796
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shekelunwen/xifanglishiwenhua/2295796.html
最近更新
教材专著
