麦克唐纳“国家政策”的历史地位
发布时间：2018-10-26 19:06
【摘要】： 约翰·亚历山大·麦克唐纳作为加拿大自治领的首任总理,在完成“从海洋到海洋”领土扩张的前提下,不囿于传统观念,解放思想,适时提出以促进国家全面整合与发展为主旨的强国政策——“国家政策”,以修建太平洋铁路为中心,西部移民和保护关税为辅,三者相互促进,使加拿大的综合国力迈上了新台阶。这一政策的出台并付诸实施,有力地促进加拿大经济的发展和社会的进步,为加拿大的未来发展打下了坚实的理论与实践基础。本文以麦克唐纳的“国家政策”为出发点,探讨与揭示“国家政策”的历史背景、内容及其历史地位。本文分为以下四个部分: 第一部分为前言,主要介绍我国与加拿大历史学者对麦克唐纳“国家政策”的研究概况及其主要成果。 第二部分着重分析麦克唐纳“国家政策”的历史背景及其具体内容。1873年爱德华太子岛加入联邦,加拿大自治领完成“从海洋到海洋”的领土扩张,加拿大进入国家巩固与发展的新阶段。就国内而言,主要表现为人口发展与领土扩张之间的不平衡、全国统一的原材料供应与商品销售市场尚未形成和传统的低关税对经济发展的束缚。就国际而言,主要表现为美国的经济渗透与武力威胁和经济危机对加拿大经济与社会发展的影响。基于以上因素的共同影响,麦克唐纳为首的加拿大保守党提出“国家政策”并使之付诸实施。 第三部分是本文的核心内容,主要对麦克唐纳“国家政策”的主要特征加以阐述与说明。首先,保守党以“偶尔性保护”为主的关税保护政策的提出,保护了当时加拿大脆弱的民族工业,有助于增强加拿大的经济实力,有利于加拿大经济的长远发展。其次,横贯北美大陆东西交通的太平洋铁路的修筑,使加拿大国内不仅在地理上,更重要的是在经济上实现了东、西部连为一体体最后,西部开发与移民使加拿大西部地区得以初步发展,并逐步确立以小麦经济为主的经济发展模式。 第四部分是本文的结论部分,主要分析麦克唐纳“国家政策”在加拿大历史中所处的重要历史地位。麦克唐纳“国家政策”的制定与实施,解决了“从海洋到海洋”领土扩张后所产生的一系列问题,消除了全球经济危机对加拿大经济发展的影响,有效地抵制了英美等国对加拿大的经济渗透与武力威胁,对加拿大经济与社会的未来发展产生了4极其重要的影响。
[Abstract]:John Alexander McDonald, as the first Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Canada, completed the territorial expansion of "from the Sea to the Sea" and emancipated his mind without being confined to traditional ideas. The policy of "national policy", which aims at promoting the comprehensive integration and development of the country, is put forward in due course, with the construction of the Pacific Railway as the center, immigration in the west and the protection of tariffs as supplementary policies, and the three promote each other. Canada's overall national strength has reached a new level. The introduction and implementation of this policy can promote the economic development and social progress of Canada and lay a solid theoretical and practical foundation for the future development of Canada. Based on Macdonald's National Policy, this paper discusses and reveals the historical background, content and historical status of National Policy. This paper is divided into four parts as follows: the first part is the preface, which mainly introduces the general situation and main achievements of the research on Macdonald's "National Policy" by Chinese and Canadian historians. The second part focuses on the historical background and specific contents of MacDonald's National Policy. In 1873, Prince Edward Island joined the Union, and the Canadian Autonomous Territory completed the territorial expansion of "from the Sea to the Sea". Canada entered a new stage of national consolidation and development. In domestic terms, the imbalance between population development and territorial expansion is the main manifestation, the unified raw material supply and commodity marketing market has not yet formed and the traditional low tariff restrains the economic development. Internationally, it mainly shows the influence of American economic infiltration, threat of force and economic crisis on Canada's economic and social development. Under the combined influence of these factors, the Conservative Party of Canada led by MacDonald put forward the National Policy and put it into practice. The third part is the core content of this paper, mainly expounds and explains the main features of Macdonald's National Policy. First of all, the proposed tariff protection policy of the Conservative Party based on "occasional protection" protected the fragile national industry of Canada at that time, which was helpful to strengthen the economic strength of Canada and benefit the long-term development of the Canadian economy. Secondly, the construction of the Pacific Railway, which links East and West across the North American continent, has enabled Canada to realize the integration of East and West as a whole, not only geographically, but more importantly, economically. The development and emigration of the western part of Canada made the western part of Canada develop preliminarily, and gradually established the economic development mode of wheat economy. The fourth part is the conclusion of this paper, mainly analyzes the important historical position of Macdonald's National Policy in Canadian history. The formulation and implementation of Macdonald's "National Policy" solved a series of problems arising from the expansion of "Sea to Sea" territory, and eliminated the impact of the global economic crisis on Canada's economic development. It effectively resisted the economic infiltration and threat of force from Britain and the United States to Canada, and had an extremely important impact on the future development of Canada's economy and society.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K711
本文编号：2296676
[Abstract]:John Alexander McDonald, as the first Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Canada, completed the territorial expansion of "from the Sea to the Sea" and emancipated his mind without being confined to traditional ideas. The policy of "national policy", which aims at promoting the comprehensive integration and development of the country, is put forward in due course, with the construction of the Pacific Railway as the center, immigration in the west and the protection of tariffs as supplementary policies, and the three promote each other. Canada's overall national strength has reached a new level. The introduction and implementation of this policy can promote the economic development and social progress of Canada and lay a solid theoretical and practical foundation for the future development of Canada. Based on Macdonald's National Policy, this paper discusses and reveals the historical background, content and historical status of National Policy. This paper is divided into four parts as follows: the first part is the preface, which mainly introduces the general situation and main achievements of the research on Macdonald's "National Policy" by Chinese and Canadian historians. The second part focuses on the historical background and specific contents of MacDonald's National Policy. In 1873, Prince Edward Island joined the Union, and the Canadian Autonomous Territory completed the territorial expansion of "from the Sea to the Sea". Canada entered a new stage of national consolidation and development. In domestic terms, the imbalance between population development and territorial expansion is the main manifestation, the unified raw material supply and commodity marketing market has not yet formed and the traditional low tariff restrains the economic development. Internationally, it mainly shows the influence of American economic infiltration, threat of force and economic crisis on Canada's economic and social development. Under the combined influence of these factors, the Conservative Party of Canada led by MacDonald put forward the National Policy and put it into practice. The third part is the core content of this paper, mainly expounds and explains the main features of Macdonald's National Policy. First of all, the proposed tariff protection policy of the Conservative Party based on "occasional protection" protected the fragile national industry of Canada at that time, which was helpful to strengthen the economic strength of Canada and benefit the long-term development of the Canadian economy. Secondly, the construction of the Pacific Railway, which links East and West across the North American continent, has enabled Canada to realize the integration of East and West as a whole, not only geographically, but more importantly, economically. The development and emigration of the western part of Canada made the western part of Canada develop preliminarily, and gradually established the economic development mode of wheat economy. The fourth part is the conclusion of this paper, mainly analyzes the important historical position of Macdonald's National Policy in Canadian history. The formulation and implementation of Macdonald's "National Policy" solved a series of problems arising from the expansion of "Sea to Sea" territory, and eliminated the impact of the global economic crisis on Canada's economic development. It effectively resisted the economic infiltration and threat of force from Britain and the United States to Canada, and had an extremely important impact on the future development of Canada's economy and society.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K711
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