纳粹德国境外德意志人政策研究

发布时间：2018-10-26 18:30

【摘要】： 纳粹德国境外德意志人政策作为纳粹民族主义和种族主义思想的重灾区，对德国、境外德意志人和东道国的走向都产生了深远影响。本文以历史学的视角来探讨这一问题。本文共分两章，以此来分析纳粹德国境外德意志人政策的演变及实施情况，以及对其背后的历史动因进行剖析。 导论首先讨论境外德意志人问题的由来和意义，其次回顾境外德意志人问题的国内外研究概况。再次着重探讨魏玛共和国时期的境外德意志人问题。凡尔赛和约缔结以后，，境外德意志人问题成为影响德国和东道国关系的一个重要问题。魏玛政府始终不肯接受凡尔赛和约对境外德意志人问题的处理，无视少数民族条款，不遗余力地通过多种途径支持境外德意志人。由于境外德意志人和传统民族主义组织的内讧，加之东道国的强烈抵制，魏玛政府的境外德意志人政策效果并不显著。 第一章讨论1933-1939年纳粹德国境外德意志人政策。首先论述民族主义和纳粹德国外交政策与纳粹德国境外德意志人政策之间的联系。民族主义作为纳粹党的主要指导思想之一，对纳粹德国境外德意志人政策的理论和实践具有很大影响。纳粹德国境外德意志人政策为其外交政策服务。当两者之间出现冲突时，境外德意志人便成了纳粹德国外交政策的牺牲品。其次论述纳粹德国主管境外德意志人事务组织演变。纳粹德国一方面把传统民族主义组织纳粹化，另一方面建立境外德意志人联络处来直接处理境外德意志人事务。再次论述纳粹德国通过经济援助、文化和宣传支持以及支持暴力活动来支援境外德意志人，并分国别详细叙述了这些活动。最后论述纳粹德国兼并活动与境外德意志人之间的互动关系。 第二章讨论1939-1945年纳粹德国境外德意志人政策。第一节讨论境外德意志人与“第五纵队”之间的关联性。首先辨析境外德意志人与“第五纵队”活动传闻之间的联系，然后剖析境外德意志人的“第五纵队”活动。第二节讨论纳粹德国对境外德意志人的安置。长期以来，德国就有把境外德意志人安置到东方的想法。德意同盟关系以及德苏之间的势力范围划分给了德国安置境外德意志人的机会。加强德意志民族全权代表办公室，连同其他相关组织处理境外德意志人安置活动。第三节讨论境外德意志人在纳粹德国“德意志化”政策的作用。为了使兼并地区和占领地区“德意志化”，纳粹德国颁布境外德意志人分类一览表和德裔居民名单建立起等级森严的种族社会。 当然，境外德意志人问题并未就此终结。二战后，苏联和东欧国家对境外德意志人进行了驱逐甚至屠杀。境外德意志人问题依然是影响德国和东欧国家关系的不利因素。 文章最后认为：纳粹德国的境外德意志人政策不但没能改善境外德意志人的处境，而且给境外德意志人和德国自身带来了难以估量的损失。 本文可以让人继续思考的是：第一，跨界民族问题应当冷静对待，不要把历史和现实混为一谈，不要把学术问题和政治问题划等号。双方应当以“和平共处”的方式妥善解决争议。第二，不要刻意突出民族和种族差别问题，应当容忍民族和种族的多样性。
[Abstract]:The German policy as Nazi nationalism and racist ideology outside Germany has exerted a far-reaching influence on Germany, the German people outside Germany and the host country. This paper discusses the problem in the perspective of history. This paper analyzes the evolution and implementation of German policy in Nazi Germany, and analyzes the historical reasons behind it. The introduction first discusses the origin and significance of the problem of German people outside the country, and then reviews the overseas German people. An overview of the research at home and abroad. When we re-emphasize the Weimar Republic, During the period of the Treaty of Versailles and the conclusion of the Treaty of Versailles, the question of the German people outside Germany became a major influence on Germany and the host country A matter of great importance to the relations between China and China, the Weimar government has always refused to accept Versailles and the handling of the problems of the German people outside the country, ignoring the provisions of the minority nationalities and sparing no effort to adopt a variety of The way supports the German people outside the country. Because of the internal tensions of the German and traditional nationalist organizations outside the country, and the strong resistance of the host country, the overseas German government of Weimar government The policy effect of Annals is not significant. The first chapter discusses 1 The German policy outside Germany in 933-1939. First of all, the nationalism and Nazi Germany are discussed. The link between the policy and the German policy outside Germany. Nationalism, as one of the main guiding ideology of the Nazi Party, is against Nazi Germany. The theory and practice of German people's policy outside the country have great influence The German policy outside Germany is a foreign policy service. When there is a conflict between them, Outside Germany became a victim of Nazi Germany's foreign policy. This paper discusses the evolution of the German human affairs organization outside the charge of Nazi Germany. The Nazi Germany, on the one hand, nationalized the traditional nationalism and established the environment on the other hand. The External German Liaison Office directly deals with the affairs of German people outside the country, and again discusses Nazi Germany's support for economic aid, culture and publicity, and support for violent activities. These activities have been described in detail in the country's country and are detailed in the country. The interaction between the German merger activity and the overseas German people. The second chapter discusses the German policy of Nazi Germany in 1939-1945. On the Relationship between the Overseas German and the 鈥淭eam 5鈥

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