冷战后北约东扩与美欧关系
发布时间：2018-10-29 19:34
【摘要】：20世纪80年代末90年代初,持续了40余年的冷战戈然而止,东西方两大对立集团的华沙条约组织和北大西洋公约组织也迎来了它们命运的转折。华约解体了,而北约却在大西洋联盟的共同努力下展开了东扩和战略革新。2004年3月29日的东扩使得北约扩大为拥有26个成员国的庞大组织。冷战后美欧在欧洲,乃至于在世界国际政治格局中的纵横捭阖都浓缩在了北约冷战后的发展状况和趋势中,北约已经成为影响冷战后世界战争与和平的重要角色。深入研究和总结冷战后北约的战略转型与东扩,有利于我们正确认识冷战后国际关系的新格局,对于我国更好地开展国际交往提供了有益的经验。北约的东扩不仅决定了欧洲安全机制的重构,而且也深刻影响着冷战后的国际关系格局,影响着未来世界的战争与和平。 冷战后北约的战略调整包含了两重涵义:“扩大”和“扩展”。“扩大”指的是北约势力的延展和成员的增加,如启动“和平伙伴关系计划”和发展新成员。而“扩展”则是指组织的性质转化和战略革新,如北约新战略的制定等。简而言之,冷战后北约的战略是一种在组成、功能、和性质上的扩张战略。从1991年开始,北约就启动了“和平伙伴关系计划”、与地中海各国的对话、中南欧行动等一系列对话与合作,从而使北约和中东欧国家的“友谊之手”握在了一起,为北约东扩做好了结构、经济和思想准备。1999年3月12日,捷克、匈牙利和波兰三国加入北约。2004年3月29日,保加利亚、爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、罗马尼亚、斯洛文尼亚和斯洛伐克7国在华盛顿举行的仪式上正式递交了加入北大西洋公约组织的法律文本,从而成为北约的新成员。冷战后北约更重要的变化在于它的战略扩展。1999年4月23日至25日,在华盛顿举行的庆祝北约成立50周年大会上,北约正式提出并通过了“北约新战略概念”。新战略的总原则从“集体防御”转为“捍卫共同利益”,战略原则改为使北约有能力对防区外的危机做出迅速的反应,这使北约从一个防御性的军事组织变为了进攻性的军事政治工具。 北约东扩与美国和欧洲的战略选择有着密切的关系,它是大西洋联盟在冷战后战略力量重组的进程,也是在美国、欧洲盟国以及中东欧各国权衡国内政治经济状况和国国际环境后对自身的战略重新定位的过程。这个过程是由美欧战略互动推动的。无可否认,美国是北约最重要的成员国。冷战中,美国在欧洲的政策几乎被照搬为北约的对外战略。但在关注美国对北约的支配力量的同时,我们也无法忽视欧洲在冷战后北约发展中的作用。在北约现有的26个成员国中有24个是欧洲国家,而和平伙伴关系国家都在欧洲。二战后,西欧一方面要在一片废墟中重建国家,一方面出于对苏联威胁和德国复兴的恐惧,不得不依赖美国的保护。
[Abstract]:In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Cold War lasted for more than 40 years, and the Warsaw Treaty Organization and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the two opposing groups of East and West, also ushered in a turning point in their fate. The Warsaw Pact broke up, while NATO expanded and innovated its strategy with the joint efforts of the Atlantic Alliance. The eastward expansion of March 29, 2004 led to the expansion of NATO into a large organization with 26 members. After the Cold War, the United States and Europe in Europe, and even in the international political structure of the world, all maneuvers and maneuvers are concentrated in the development and trend of NATO after the Cold War. NATO has become an important role to influence the world war and peace after the Cold War. The in-depth study and summary of NATO's strategic transformation and eastward expansion after the Cold War will help us to correctly understand the new pattern of international relations after the Cold War and provide beneficial experience for China to better carry out international exchanges. The eastward expansion of NATO not only determines the reconstruction of European security mechanism, but also profoundly influences the pattern of international relations after the Cold War and the future world war and peace. The strategic adjustment of NATO after the cold war contains two meanings: enlargement and expansion. "expansion" refers to the extension of NATO power and the expansion of its membership, such as the launching of the Partnership for Peace and the development of new members. "expansion" refers to the nature transformation and strategic innovation of the organization, such as the formulation of NATO's new strategy. In short, the post-cold-war NATO strategy is an expansion strategy in composition, function, and nature. Since 1991, NATO has launched the "Partnership for Peace", a series of dialogues and cooperation with Mediterranean countries and operations in central and southern Europe, thus bringing together the "hand of friendship" between NATO and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Structural, economic and ideological preparations for NATO's eastward expansion. On March 12, 1999, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland joined NATO. March 29, 2004, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovenia and Slovakia became new members of NATO by formally submitting their legal texts to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) at a ceremony in Washington. The more important change of NATO after the Cold War lies in its strategic expansion. On April 23-25, 1999, NATO formally put forward and adopted the "New Strategic concept of NATO" at the Congress to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the founding of NATO held in Washington. The general principle of the new strategy has shifted from "collective defence" to "defending the common good", and the strategic principle has been changed to enable NATO to respond quickly to crises outside the defence zone. This turned NATO from a defensive military organization into an offensive military and political tool. NATO's eastward expansion is closely related to the strategic choices of the United States and Europe. It is the process of strategic restructuring of the Atlantic Alliance after the Cold War, and it is also in the United States. The process of strategic repositioning of European allies and central and eastern European countries after weighing domestic political and economic situation and international environment. This process is driven by strategic interaction between the US and Europe. There is no denying that the United States is the most important member of NATO. During the Cold War, American policy in Europe was almost copied as NATO's foreign strategy. But while focusing on the United States' dominance of NATO, we cannot ignore Europe's role in the development of NATO after the cold war. Twenty-four of NATO's 26-member countries are European, while the Partnership for Peace is in Europe. After World War II, Western Europe had to rely on the United States for protection, both in ruins and in fear of the Soviet threat and the renaissance of Germany.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K153
本文编号：2298606
[Abstract]:In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Cold War lasted for more than 40 years, and the Warsaw Treaty Organization and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the two opposing groups of East and West, also ushered in a turning point in their fate. The Warsaw Pact broke up, while NATO expanded and innovated its strategy with the joint efforts of the Atlantic Alliance. The eastward expansion of March 29, 2004 led to the expansion of NATO into a large organization with 26 members. After the Cold War, the United States and Europe in Europe, and even in the international political structure of the world, all maneuvers and maneuvers are concentrated in the development and trend of NATO after the Cold War. NATO has become an important role to influence the world war and peace after the Cold War. The in-depth study and summary of NATO's strategic transformation and eastward expansion after the Cold War will help us to correctly understand the new pattern of international relations after the Cold War and provide beneficial experience for China to better carry out international exchanges. The eastward expansion of NATO not only determines the reconstruction of European security mechanism, but also profoundly influences the pattern of international relations after the Cold War and the future world war and peace. The strategic adjustment of NATO after the cold war contains two meanings: enlargement and expansion. "expansion" refers to the extension of NATO power and the expansion of its membership, such as the launching of the Partnership for Peace and the development of new members. "expansion" refers to the nature transformation and strategic innovation of the organization, such as the formulation of NATO's new strategy. In short, the post-cold-war NATO strategy is an expansion strategy in composition, function, and nature. Since 1991, NATO has launched the "Partnership for Peace", a series of dialogues and cooperation with Mediterranean countries and operations in central and southern Europe, thus bringing together the "hand of friendship" between NATO and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Structural, economic and ideological preparations for NATO's eastward expansion. On March 12, 1999, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland joined NATO. March 29, 2004, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovenia and Slovakia became new members of NATO by formally submitting their legal texts to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) at a ceremony in Washington. The more important change of NATO after the Cold War lies in its strategic expansion. On April 23-25, 1999, NATO formally put forward and adopted the "New Strategic concept of NATO" at the Congress to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the founding of NATO held in Washington. The general principle of the new strategy has shifted from "collective defence" to "defending the common good", and the strategic principle has been changed to enable NATO to respond quickly to crises outside the defence zone. This turned NATO from a defensive military organization into an offensive military and political tool. NATO's eastward expansion is closely related to the strategic choices of the United States and Europe. It is the process of strategic restructuring of the Atlantic Alliance after the Cold War, and it is also in the United States. The process of strategic repositioning of European allies and central and eastern European countries after weighing domestic political and economic situation and international environment. This process is driven by strategic interaction between the US and Europe. There is no denying that the United States is the most important member of NATO. During the Cold War, American policy in Europe was almost copied as NATO's foreign strategy. But while focusing on the United States' dominance of NATO, we cannot ignore Europe's role in the development of NATO after the cold war. Twenty-four of NATO's 26-member countries are European, while the Partnership for Peace is in Europe. After World War II, Western Europe had to rely on the United States for protection, both in ruins and in fear of the Soviet threat and the renaissance of Germany.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K153
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 王仕英;肯尼迪政府对英国加入欧洲共同体的政策[D];山东师范大学;2007年
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