论马歇尔计划对美国的影响
发布时间：2018-10-30 20:47
【摘要】： 马歇尔计划,即欧洲复兴计划,是在二战后西欧的经济、政治状况极端恶化,美国自身面临着严重的经济困境的形势下提出来的。它的实施对美国产生了一系列影响:经济上,通过向西欧输出过剩资本和商品,美国避免了由战时繁荣转向战后危机,但也通过复兴西欧客观上为自己培养了一个竞争对手;政治上,美国通过向西欧提供经济援助,稳定了西欧的资产阶级的统治,从而维护了以美国为首的资本主义体系,确立了美国在资本主义世界的领导地位;同时,马歇尔计划的实施还消除了共产主义在西欧的扩展,促进了西欧的联合与统一,这就大大增强了美国对抗苏联的战略力量,为美国战后称霸全球奠定了基础。 马歇尔计划是美国战后称霸全球计划的一个重要组成部分,在二战后美国的外交战略中占有重要的地位。通过对西欧各国的援助,美国实现了对这些国家的经济扩张,使得西欧受援国变得依赖于美国,不可能作出自己的独立选择。援助虽然对西欧经济的复兴起到了重要的作用,但美国将援助视为实现其外交政策的手段,强迫受援国接受了一些有利于美国的条件,使美国从中获得了巨大利益。近年来,马歇尔计划引起了学者较为广泛的关注,发表了对于该计划研究的大量的论文,许多著作中也多有提及。对于马歇尔计划实施的结果和影响,学者们关注的主要是它对恢复欧洲经济和促进西欧经济一体化所起的作用。总的来说,这些观点认为,马歇尔计划恢复和发展了欧洲经济,稳定了欧洲社会秩序,促进了西欧国家垄断资本主义的发展,客观上促进了西欧的一体化进程。但也有观点认为马歇尔计划加速了欧洲的分裂。而对于提出马歇尔计划的美国而言,该计划究竟给其带来了怎样的影响,却为国内学者所忽视。虽有论述,但多为零星提及,缺少系统的论述。 本文从历史唯物主义和辩证唯物主义理论和观点出发,拟就马歇尔计划在战后初期对美国经济、政治、全球霸权等方面产生的影响进行分析、归纳,客观公正地评论该计划给美国带来的结果和影响,指出马歇尔计划在战后初期刺激了美国经济的发展,确立了美国在资本主义经济世界的领导地位,但也导致了欧美之间的经济矛盾;政治上,马歇尔计划加速了美苏之间的冷战,使美国处于有利的地位;马歇尔计划还促进了欧美联合并建立了战略同盟,确立了美国的霸主地位。本文旨在从另一方面来认识马歇尔计划以及美国通过援助所推行的外交政策,希望能对美国外交政策的研究提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:The Marshall Plan, the European Renaissance Plan, was put forward in the aftermath of World War II, when the economic and political situation in Western Europe deteriorated extremely, and the United States itself faced serious economic difficulties. Its implementation had a series of effects on the United States: economically, by exporting surplus capital and commodities to Western Europe, the United States avoided the transition from wartime prosperity to postwar crisis, but also cultivated a competitor objectively for itself through the revival of Western Europe; Politically, by providing economic assistance to Western Europe, the United States stabilized the bourgeois rule in Western Europe, thus maintaining the capitalist system headed by the United States and establishing the leading position of the United States in the capitalist world. At the same time, the implementation of Marshall Plan also eliminated the expansion of communism in Western Europe, promoted the unity and unity of Western Europe, which greatly strengthened the strategic strength of the United States against the Soviet Union, and laid the foundation for the United States to dominate the world after the war. The Marshall Plan is an important part of the global plan for American hegemony after World War II and plays an important role in American diplomatic strategy after World War II. Through the aid to the western European countries, the United States has realized the economic expansion to these countries, which makes the Western European recipient countries become dependent on the United States and can not make their own independent choice. Although aid has played an important role in the economic revival of Western Europe, the United States regards aid as a means to realize its foreign policy, forcing the recipient countries to accept some favorable conditions for the United States, and making the United States obtain great benefits from it. In recent years, the Marshall Plan has attracted extensive attention of scholars, published a large number of papers on the plan, many works have also been mentioned. For the results and effects of the Marshall Plan, scholars mainly focus on its role in restoring the European economy and promoting economic integration in Western Europe. In general, the Marshall Plan has restored and developed the European economy, stabilized the European social order, promoted the development of monopoly capitalism in Western European countries, and objectively promoted the process of integration in Western Europe. But there are also views that the Marshall Plan accelerated the division of Europe. However, for the United States which put forward the Marshall Plan, the impact of the Marshall Plan has been ignored by domestic scholars. Although there is a discussion, but mostly for sporadic mention, lack of systematic discussion. Based on the theories and viewpoints of historical materialism and dialectical materialism, this paper analyzes and summarizes the influence of Marshall Plan on American economy, politics and global hegemony in the early postwar period. Objectively and fairly commenting on the results and effects of the plan on the United States, pointing out that the Marshall Plan stimulated the economic development of the United States in the early post-war period and established the leading position of the United States in the capitalist economic world. But it also leads to the economic contradiction between Europe and America; Politically, the Marshall Plan accelerated the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union and put the United States in a favorable position. The purpose of this paper is to understand the Marshall Plan and the foreign policy pursued by the United States through aid on the other hand, in the hope that it can be used for reference in the study of American foreign policy.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K712.5
本文编号：2301138
[Abstract]:The Marshall Plan, the European Renaissance Plan, was put forward in the aftermath of World War II, when the economic and political situation in Western Europe deteriorated extremely, and the United States itself faced serious economic difficulties. Its implementation had a series of effects on the United States: economically, by exporting surplus capital and commodities to Western Europe, the United States avoided the transition from wartime prosperity to postwar crisis, but also cultivated a competitor objectively for itself through the revival of Western Europe; Politically, by providing economic assistance to Western Europe, the United States stabilized the bourgeois rule in Western Europe, thus maintaining the capitalist system headed by the United States and establishing the leading position of the United States in the capitalist world. At the same time, the implementation of Marshall Plan also eliminated the expansion of communism in Western Europe, promoted the unity and unity of Western Europe, which greatly strengthened the strategic strength of the United States against the Soviet Union, and laid the foundation for the United States to dominate the world after the war. The Marshall Plan is an important part of the global plan for American hegemony after World War II and plays an important role in American diplomatic strategy after World War II. Through the aid to the western European countries, the United States has realized the economic expansion to these countries, which makes the Western European recipient countries become dependent on the United States and can not make their own independent choice. Although aid has played an important role in the economic revival of Western Europe, the United States regards aid as a means to realize its foreign policy, forcing the recipient countries to accept some favorable conditions for the United States, and making the United States obtain great benefits from it. In recent years, the Marshall Plan has attracted extensive attention of scholars, published a large number of papers on the plan, many works have also been mentioned. For the results and effects of the Marshall Plan, scholars mainly focus on its role in restoring the European economy and promoting economic integration in Western Europe. In general, the Marshall Plan has restored and developed the European economy, stabilized the European social order, promoted the development of monopoly capitalism in Western European countries, and objectively promoted the process of integration in Western Europe. But there are also views that the Marshall Plan accelerated the division of Europe. However, for the United States which put forward the Marshall Plan, the impact of the Marshall Plan has been ignored by domestic scholars. Although there is a discussion, but mostly for sporadic mention, lack of systematic discussion. Based on the theories and viewpoints of historical materialism and dialectical materialism, this paper analyzes and summarizes the influence of Marshall Plan on American economy, politics and global hegemony in the early postwar period. Objectively and fairly commenting on the results and effects of the plan on the United States, pointing out that the Marshall Plan stimulated the economic development of the United States in the early post-war period and established the leading position of the United States in the capitalist economic world. But it also leads to the economic contradiction between Europe and America; Politically, the Marshall Plan accelerated the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union and put the United States in a favorable position. The purpose of this paper is to understand the Marshall Plan and the foreign policy pursued by the United States through aid on the other hand, in the hope that it can be used for reference in the study of American foreign policy.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K712.5
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 夏咸军;美国对外经济援助[D];上海社会科学院;2011年
，本文编号：2301138
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shekelunwen/xifanglishiwenhua/2301138.html
最近更新
教材专著
