吉本斯诉奥格登案研究

发布时间：2018-10-30 21:09

【摘要】：吉本斯诉奥格登案,又被称为汽船垄断案,发生于1824年的美国。18世纪末,随着英国工业革命的扩展,蒸汽机传入美国,带动了美国各个行业的发展,其中最具影响力的就是汽船的诞生,在约翰·菲奇(John Fich)、詹姆斯·拉姆齐(James Rumsey)、罗伯特·富尔顿(Robert Fulton)、约翰·史蒂芬斯(John Stevens)等人的努力下,美国汽船行业逐渐兴起,但由于法制不完善,美国汽船航运处于各自垄断状态中,富尔顿和利文斯顿垄断了纽约州的汽船航运权,引起各界不满,反垄断情绪高涨。利文斯顿和富尔顿相继去世后,奥格登成为汽船垄断者的代言人,吉本斯因为汽船垄断和家族纠纷最终向奥格登发起挑战,将他告至最高法院,最高法院大法官马歇尔判决纽约汽船垄断专营法违宪,富尔顿、奥格登等人的汽船垄断专营权不合法,而吉本斯获得了自由的汽船经营权,从此美国各州水域解放,商业、贸易和交通运输自由发展。本文将从政治环境、交通发展、法制建设等三个方面,分析吉本斯案产生的时代背景;以反汽船垄断斗争为主线,结合经济纠纷、家庭纠纷、地方人文特色,大量运用书信、传记等材料分析案件产生的原因和进程;结合当时的报刊杂志、名人评论、新闻媒体,分析该案的社会反响;结合“商业条款”的相关判例分析吉本斯案的法律影响,结合此后联邦与州的权利关系、交通运输、商业贸易的发展状况,分析该案在中央权力的加强、国内市场的统一等方面的影响。本文希望通过对吉本斯案的解析,不仅能展示“吉本斯案”在美国法制史上里程碑式的历史地位,更能为国人了解美国建国初期科技创新、社会发展、历史变革等提供一个视角,为中国特色社会主义的法制、经济建设提供一种经验。
[Abstract]:Gibbons v. Ogden, also known as the Steamboat Monopoly case, took place in the United States in 1824. At the end of the 18th century, with the expansion of the British Industrial Revolution, steam engines were introduced into the United States, driving the development of various industries in the United States. The most influential of these was the birth of the steamboat, with the efforts of (John Fich), (John Fich), James Ramsay (James Rumsey), Robert Fulton (Robert Fulton), John Stephens (John Stevens) and others. American steamship industry is rising gradually, but because of imperfect legal system, American steamship shipping is in their respective monopoly state. Fulton and Livingston monopolize the shipping right of New York State, which causes discontent and upsurge of anti-monopoly sentiment. After the deaths of Livingston and Fulton, Ogden became a spokesman for steamboat monopolists, and Gibbons eventually challenged Ogden to the Supreme Court because of steamboat monopolies and family disputes. Supreme Court Justice Marshall ruled that the New York Steamboat Monopoly Act was unconstitutional, that Fulton and Ogden's monopoly on steamers was illegal, and that Gibbons was granted the right to operate the steamboat freely, thus liberating and commercial from the waters of the states of the United States. Free development of trade and transportation. This paper will analyze the background of the Gibens case from three aspects: political environment, traffic development and legal system construction. Taking the fight against steamboat monopoly as the main line, combining economic disputes, family disputes, local humanistic characteristics, a large number of letters, biographies and other materials to analyze the cause and process of the case; Combined with the newspapers and magazines, celebrity reviews, news media, analysis of the social repercussions of the case; Combined with the relevant jurisprudence of the "Commercial Clause" to analyze the legal impact of the Gibbons case, combining the power relations between the Federation and the state, the development of transportation and commercial trade, and analyzing the strengthening of the case in the central authority, Domestic market unity and other aspects of the impact. This paper hopes that through the analysis of the Gibbons case, it will not only show the landmark historical status of the "Gibbons case" in the history of American legal system, but also provide a better understanding of the scientific and technological innovations and social development of the United States in the early years of the founding of the United States. Historical change provides an experience for the legal system and economic construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：西华师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K712.4

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