俄国的缙绅会议
发布时间：2018-11-02 17:16
【摘要】： 伴随着俄国中央集权制度的发展,16世纪中期,沙皇伊凡四世为了加强皇权和制约波雅尔贵族召集了缙绅会议,这是全国性的会议,参会者包括了各地服役贵族以及各等级的代表,沙皇通过缙绅会议巩固了权力并加强了中央集权。经历了16、17世纪的发展,缙绅会议广泛地参与到国家管理、立法和重大事务的决策中,成为重要的国家机构。同时,随着社会机构的改革和阶级力量对比的变化,缙绅会议的内容和地位也在不断变化着。17世纪中后期俄国中央集权制度确立后,由于封建阶层体系形成、中央官僚机构基本完善和地方代表制机构遭到破坏,缙绅会议失去了它存在的基础,于是逐渐退出了俄国政治舞台,被政府以等级协商形式的会议所取代,并在1682年走到了终结。缙绅会议在俄国政治制度史上具有重要的意义,它的召开标志着俄国进入到等级代表君主制时代,而缙绅会议的政治组织形式、召集方式、审议程序和过程等都给后来的俄国带来不小的借鉴和影响作用,并在危急关头体现出俄罗斯同心同德的民族精神。 本文共分为六个部分: 第一部分,俄国缙绅会议的产生。 第二部分,俄国缙绅会议的发展。 第三部分,俄国缙绅会议的消亡。 第四部分,俄国缙绅会议的相关问题。主要分析缙绅会议的类型、分期、审议形式及协商秩序,缙绅会议与波雅尔杜马的关系,缙绅会议与俄国等级代表君主制度。 第五部分,俄国缙绅会议与西欧封建议会之比较。 第六部分,结语。
[Abstract]:Along with the development of centralization in Russia, in the mid-16th century, Tsar Ivan IV convened a national Congress of gentry to strengthen imperial power and restrict the aristocrats of Poiar. Participants included serving aristocrats and representatives of all ranks, and the czar consolidated power and strengthened centralization through the Gentry Conference. After the development in the 1600s, the Gentry Congress participated in the national management, legislation and important affairs decision-making, and became an important state organization. At the same time, with the reform of social institutions and the change of class power balance, the content and status of the Gentry Congress were constantly changing. After the establishment of the centralization system in Russia in the middle and late 17th century, the feudal class system was formed. The central bureaucracy was basically perfected and the local representative system was destroyed, and the Gentry Conference lost its foundation and gradually withdrew from the Russian political arena and was replaced by a meeting of the government in the form of hierarchical consultations. And came to an end in 1682. The Gentry Conference is of great significance in the history of the Russian political system. Its convening marks Russia's entering the era of hierarchical representative monarchy, and the political organization and convening mode of the Gentry Conference. The procedure and process of deliberation have brought great reference and influence to the later Russia, and have embodied the national spirit of the unity of Russia in the critical moment. This paper is divided into six parts: the first part, the emergence of the Russian Gentry Conference. The second part, the development of the Russian Gentry Conference. The third part, the disappearance of the Russian Gentry Conference. The fourth part, the related problems of the Russian Gentry Conference. This paper mainly analyzes the types, stages, deliberative forms and consultation order of the Gentry meeting, the relationship between the Gentry Conference and the Boyar Duma, and the system of representing the monarchy between the Gentry Conference and the Russian hierarchy. The fifth part is the comparison between the Russian Gentry Conference and the feudal parliament of Western Europe. The sixth part, conclusion.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K512.34
本文编号：2306434
[Abstract]:Along with the development of centralization in Russia, in the mid-16th century, Tsar Ivan IV convened a national Congress of gentry to strengthen imperial power and restrict the aristocrats of Poiar. Participants included serving aristocrats and representatives of all ranks, and the czar consolidated power and strengthened centralization through the Gentry Conference. After the development in the 1600s, the Gentry Congress participated in the national management, legislation and important affairs decision-making, and became an important state organization. At the same time, with the reform of social institutions and the change of class power balance, the content and status of the Gentry Congress were constantly changing. After the establishment of the centralization system in Russia in the middle and late 17th century, the feudal class system was formed. The central bureaucracy was basically perfected and the local representative system was destroyed, and the Gentry Conference lost its foundation and gradually withdrew from the Russian political arena and was replaced by a meeting of the government in the form of hierarchical consultations. And came to an end in 1682. The Gentry Conference is of great significance in the history of the Russian political system. Its convening marks Russia's entering the era of hierarchical representative monarchy, and the political organization and convening mode of the Gentry Conference. The procedure and process of deliberation have brought great reference and influence to the later Russia, and have embodied the national spirit of the unity of Russia in the critical moment. This paper is divided into six parts: the first part, the emergence of the Russian Gentry Conference. The second part, the development of the Russian Gentry Conference. The third part, the disappearance of the Russian Gentry Conference. The fourth part, the related problems of the Russian Gentry Conference. This paper mainly analyzes the types, stages, deliberative forms and consultation order of the Gentry meeting, the relationship between the Gentry Conference and the Boyar Duma, and the system of representing the monarchy between the Gentry Conference and the Russian hierarchy. The fifth part is the comparison between the Russian Gentry Conference and the feudal parliament of Western Europe. The sixth part, conclusion.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K512.34
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相关期刊论文 前1条
1 刘忠桂;封建俄国缙绅会议简析[J];东北亚论坛;2004年03期
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 张宗华;18世纪俄国改革与贵族[D];武汉大学;2005年
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