外国专家与日本近代化（1853-1890）

发布时间：2018-11-03 11:29

【摘要】：自德川幕府末期直至明治前期,日本在严峻的外部压力下强行启动近代化进程,如何推进近代化事业遂成为国家发展的中心议题。由于国内百废待兴,缺乏掌握西方近代先进知识与技术的人才,难以独自挑起近代化建设的重任。因此为了尽快实现向近代国家的转型,从幕府、各藩以至明治政府都不惜重金,实施“请进来”的战略,从欧美各发达国家聘请专家前来帮助日本进行近代化建设。这些专家分布在政治、经济、文化、教育、军事等多个领域,一开始规模很小,影响力并不是很大,后来由于明治政府采取了比较谨慎的态度和有选择性、针对性的聘用方针,使这些来自西方各国的专家作为一个整体,对于日本实现近代化起到了强有力的推动作用。另一方面,活跃于日本各个领域近代化建设的外国专家也帮助日本培育了一大批专业建设人才,为日本最终独立完成近代化事业奠定了坚实的人才基础。本文主要论述了1853至1890年间,外国专家与日本近代化的关系。分析了日本引进外国专家的背景、历程以及外国专家的分布特点,对于外国专家在日本产业革命期间,尤其在铁路业、制丝业和采矿业等产业部门的活动进行重点研究。此外,论述了外国专家对于日本教育近代化以及法制建设所起的作用,全面分析了外国专家对日本近代化的重要贡献。通过本课题的研究,有利于我们以一个全新的视角审视日本近代化成功的原因。正是得益于这些外国专家的指导,日本最终才能够脱颖而出,在广大非西方后发国家中率先实现了向近代社会的顺利转型。
[Abstract]:From the end of Tokugawa shogunate to the early Meiji period, Japan forced the modernization process under the severe external pressure, and how to promote the modernization cause became the central topic of national development. Due to the lack of talents who master the advanced knowledge and technology of modern western countries, it is difficult to carry out the task of modernization construction alone. Therefore, in order to realize the transition to a modern country as soon as possible, from the shogunate, all the vassals and even the Meiji government to carry out the strategy of "inviting in" and hiring experts from developed countries in Europe and America to help Japan carry out modernization construction. These experts were distributed in political, economic, cultural, educational, military and other fields. At first, they were very small and not very influential. Later, due to the Meiji government's more cautious attitude and selective, targeted employment policy, These experts from western countries as a whole played a powerful role in modernizing Japan. On the other hand, foreign experts active in various fields of modernization construction in Japan also helped Japan to cultivate a large number of professional construction talents, which laid a solid talent foundation for Japan to complete the modernization cause independently. This paper mainly discusses the relationship between foreign experts and Japanese modernization from 1853 to 1890. This paper analyzes the background, history and distribution characteristics of foreign experts in Japan, and focuses on the activities of foreign experts in Japan's industrial revolution, especially in railway, silk and mining sectors. In addition, this paper discusses the role of foreign experts in the modernization of Japanese education and the construction of the legal system, and analyzes comprehensively the important contributions of foreign experts to the modernization of Japan. Through the research of this topic, it is helpful for us to examine the reasons for the success of Japanese modernization from a new perspective. Thanks to the guidance of these foreign experts, Japan was finally able to stand out and take the lead in the smooth transition to modern society in the majority of non-western latecomer countries.
【学位授予单位】：苏州科技学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K313.4

【相似文献】