教皇庇护二世与人文主义
发布时间：2018-11-04 14:45
【摘要】：教会与人文主义关系的研究是文艺复兴研究的一个难点。目前学术界在世俗人文主义研究上已有丰硕成果;对于教会内部对待人文主义的态度上还有待继续研究。15世纪人文学者成为教皇是教会发展史上的新现象,本文选取这一现象中的典型代表庇护二世作为研究对象。与同时代的其他教皇相比,他既是人文学者成为教皇这一现象中的典型代表,又有自己的特色。他的前半生凭借演说和写作才能游走于教会和帝国宫廷。在成为教皇后,他竭尽全力组织十字军对抗土耳其,公开提出"拒绝埃涅阿斯,接受庇护二世",坚持基督教思想的正统性;同时,庇护二世私下又非常热衷人文学,把写作文学、考古等人文爱好作为终身的兴趣爱好;他对艺术建筑和人文学者的庇护也有着鲜明的个人特色。因此,庇护二世的案例在15世纪的教会史上既体现了共性,又有独具特色的一面。本文以教会和教皇为中心,细致而全面地诠释了文艺复兴时代基督教会与人文主义的关系。在教会层面,着重论述了教会对人文才能的接纳,对建筑、人文学者服务的需求,并分析了教会接纳、需求的客观原因:文艺复兴时代,教会结束分裂、教宗回归罗马等历史事件推进了罗马教廷的发展,也带给教会纷繁复杂的内外事务,现实的需求使得教会积极接纳人文才能;在教皇个人层面,以庇护二世为案例,从他如何通过人文爱好培养自身的情调志趣,如何把人文学作为追求知识学问的途径两方面,分析了教皇对人文主义的态度。通过以上分析,总结出教会与人文主义二者关系的两面性。庇护二世作为人文学者出身的教皇,他以公私两分的态度兼容基督教思想与人文主义,固守教皇的本职和基督教正统思想是他的公开观点,人文学爱好是他私人兴趣。他的态度表现出15世纪罗马教会对于人文主义的普遍看法。因此,以庇护二世为个案可以看出15世纪教会与人文主义还未完全融合,但前者对后者总体上是积极接纳的;二者之间不是人文主义批判教会,也不是教会慷慨扶持人文主义发展,而是一种既彼此依存又相对独立的复杂关系。
[Abstract]:The study of the relationship between church and humanism is a difficult point in the study of Renaissance. At present, academic circles have made great achievements in the study of secular humanism. It is a new phenomenon in the history of church development for humanists to become Pope in the 15th century. This paper chooses the typical representative of this phenomenon as asylum II as the object of study. Compared with other popes of his time, he is not only the typical representative of the phenomenon that humanists become Pope, but also his own characteristics. He spent the first half of his life roaming the church and imperial court by speaking and writing. After he became Pope, he made every effort to organize crusades against Turkey, openly proposed "reject Aeneas, accept asylum II", adhere to the orthodoxy of Christian thought; At the same time, Haven II was also very keen on human literature in private, taking writing literature, archaeology and other humanistic hobbies as his lifelong interests. He also had distinct personal characteristics for the protection of art, architecture and humanities scholars. Therefore, the case of asylum II in the history of the church in the 15 th century not only embodies the common, but also has a unique side. Focusing on the church and the pope, this paper explains the relationship between the Christian church and humanism in the Renaissance. At the church level, the paper emphasizes on the acceptance of humanistic talents, the demand for architecture and the service of humanistic scholars, and analyzes the objective reasons for the acceptance of the church, the objective reasons for the demand: the Renaissance, the end of the split of the church, Historical events such as the Pope's return to Rome promoted the development of the Holy see and brought complex internal and external affairs to the church. On the personal level of Pope, this paper analyzes the Pope's attitude to humanism from two aspects: how to cultivate his own interest through his humanistic hobbies and how to take humanism as a way to pursue knowledge and learning. Through the above analysis, summed up the relationship between the church and humanism. As a humanist, the Pope of asylum II, with a public and private attitude, is compatible with Christian thought and humanism. His public opinion is that he adheres to his duties as Pope and Christian orthodoxy, and his personal interest in humanities is his hobby. His attitude showed the general view of humanism in the Roman Church in the 15 th century. Therefore, taking asylum II as a case, we can see that the church and humanism of the 15th century have not been fully integrated, but the former is generally positive acceptance of the latter; The relationship between the two is not a critical church of humanism nor a generous support for the development of humanism, but a complex relationship which is interdependent and relatively independent.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K13
，
本文编号：2310141
[Abstract]:The study of the relationship between church and humanism is a difficult point in the study of Renaissance. At present, academic circles have made great achievements in the study of secular humanism. It is a new phenomenon in the history of church development for humanists to become Pope in the 15th century. This paper chooses the typical representative of this phenomenon as asylum II as the object of study. Compared with other popes of his time, he is not only the typical representative of the phenomenon that humanists become Pope, but also his own characteristics. He spent the first half of his life roaming the church and imperial court by speaking and writing. After he became Pope, he made every effort to organize crusades against Turkey, openly proposed "reject Aeneas, accept asylum II", adhere to the orthodoxy of Christian thought; At the same time, Haven II was also very keen on human literature in private, taking writing literature, archaeology and other humanistic hobbies as his lifelong interests. He also had distinct personal characteristics for the protection of art, architecture and humanities scholars. Therefore, the case of asylum II in the history of the church in the 15 th century not only embodies the common, but also has a unique side. Focusing on the church and the pope, this paper explains the relationship between the Christian church and humanism in the Renaissance. At the church level, the paper emphasizes on the acceptance of humanistic talents, the demand for architecture and the service of humanistic scholars, and analyzes the objective reasons for the acceptance of the church, the objective reasons for the demand: the Renaissance, the end of the split of the church, Historical events such as the Pope's return to Rome promoted the development of the Holy see and brought complex internal and external affairs to the church. On the personal level of Pope, this paper analyzes the Pope's attitude to humanism from two aspects: how to cultivate his own interest through his humanistic hobbies and how to take humanism as a way to pursue knowledge and learning. Through the above analysis, summed up the relationship between the church and humanism. As a humanist, the Pope of asylum II, with a public and private attitude, is compatible with Christian thought and humanism. His public opinion is that he adheres to his duties as Pope and Christian orthodoxy, and his personal interest in humanities is his hobby. His attitude showed the general view of humanism in the Roman Church in the 15 th century. Therefore, taking asylum II as a case, we can see that the church and humanism of the 15th century have not been fully integrated, but the former is generally positive acceptance of the latter; The relationship between the two is not a critical church of humanism nor a generous support for the development of humanism, but a complex relationship which is interdependent and relatively independent.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K13
，
本文编号：2310141
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