论澳洲淘金热中的“华人破坏环境”问题

发布时间：2018-11-04 21:38

【摘要】：澳洲历史上对早期华人移民群体的认知存在片面化和简单化的现象。这种认知认为淘金热中的华人矿工一味淘洗废旧金矿并破坏了当地水源,而华人聚居区则是传染疾病的源头。"华人破坏环境"这一指责相当程度上为殖民当局出台排华政策提供了依据。通过对比研读当年矿区遗存的立法档案与民间资料,以环境史的视角重新切入这一历史观点,还原当时华人淘金活动的全貌,不难看出,早期华人移民开展了多样化的淘金活动,特别是将珠三角地区的传统劳作经验引入澳大利亚淘金热,而这并不必然破坏常规的采矿活动与生态环境。所以说华人对环境的破坏本身是种族歧视与迫害的直接产物,只不过它反过来又为种族歧视的进一步制度化与流行制造了所谓事实依据。通过批判淘金热时代"华人破坏环境"之话语,我们可以深入反省澳洲传统历史编纂中的种族歧视问题,也可以彰显华人移民在澳洲历史整体进程中的积极影响。
[Abstract]:In the history of Australia, there is a one-sided and simplistic phenomenon in the cognition of the early Chinese immigrant groups. This perception holds that Chinese miners in the Gold Rush are always washing out old gold mines and destroying local water sources, and that the areas inhabited by Chinese people are the source of infectious diseases. " The accusation that the Chinese destroyed the environment provided a basis for the colonial authorities to introduce a policy of exclusion from China. It is not difficult to see that by comparing and studying the legislative archives and folk materials that remained in the mining areas of that year, and re-entering this historical viewpoint from the perspective of environmental history, and restoring the whole picture of the gold prospecting activities of the Chinese people at that time, it is not difficult to see. The early Chinese immigrants carried out diversified gold mining activities, especially the traditional labor experience in the Pearl River Delta region, which did not necessarily destroy the conventional mining activities and ecological environment. Therefore, the destruction of the environment by the Chinese is a direct product of racial discrimination and persecution, but it in turn creates the so-called factual basis for the further institutionalization and popularity of racial discrimination. By criticizing the words "Chinese destroy the environment" in the gold rush era, we can deeply reflect on the racial discrimination in the compilation of traditional Australian history, and also highlight the positive influence of Chinese immigrants in the whole process of Australian history.
【作者单位】：中山大学亚太研究院;
【基金】：中山大学青年教师培育项目“大洋洲区域史研究概论”(65000-3161108) 广东省哲学社会科学“十二五”规划2013年度特别委托项目“近代广东移民与澳大利亚新西兰采矿业”(65000-4221005)的资助
【分类号】：K611

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