试论苏南冲突对东方阵营的影响
发布时间:2018-11-09 18:46
【摘要】: 第二次世界大战后,社会主义从苏联走出国门,由一国形成为一个阵营,在东欧建立了一系列的社会主义政权。冷战爆发以来,特别是共产党情报局成立以后,它们以共同的意识形态为纽带结成了在西方以美英为首的资本主义国家看来是铁板一块的共产主义同盟,共同对垒于西方世界。然而,铁板一块的共产主义同盟并没有维持多久,1948年爆发的苏南冲突证明了铁板一块的同盟不过是一种神话。这场冲突是共产党执政后社会主义同盟的第一次大分裂,其结果对此后几十年苏联、东欧乃至中国的社会主义的发展道路都具有重大的影响。 本文从不同的角度分析这一重大历史事件对整个东方阵营所产生的影响,其中既有积极的因素也有消极的成分。从国际共运的角度看,苏南冲突是国际共产主义运动的第一次大分裂,对整个国际共产主义运动来说是一个悲剧,削弱了苏东集团与西方国家进行冷战的力量,社会主义事业遭受挫折。但从另一方面来看,它对当时的国际共运和南斯拉夫又起了非常积极的作用。单就南斯拉夫而言;苏南冲突使其脱离了苏联的束缚和控制,走上了一条独立自主的发展道路,打破了苏联模式“一统天下”的局面,东欧各国纷纷以南斯拉夫为榜样,掀起了改革浪潮,越来越多的共产党独立自主地探索符合本国国情的走向社会主义的道路。社会主义从单一模式走向了多样化,开创了国际共运的新局面。 本文要探讨的问题是,从政治、经济、外交等各个角度分析苏南冲突这一重大历史事件对当时以苏联为首的社会主义阵营所产生的正反两方面的影响。在写作过程中,本文分两个大部分:第一大部分从积极方面来分析苏南冲突给东方阵营内各个社会主义国家的发展带来了何种契机。首先论述了苏南冲突后,南斯拉夫在内外交困下如何走出困境,走出了南斯拉夫特色的社会主义自治道路。同时也标志着苏联模式在东欧危机的开始,为其他国家走上自治之路开辟了道路。其次南斯拉夫的背离为其他各国共产党树立了榜样,各国共产党纷纷探索独立自主的发展道路,抛弃苏联模式,掀起了独立自主的改革浪潮。例如,欧洲共产主义运动的兴起,具有中国特色的社会主义道路的形成以及六十年代出现的匈牙利社会主义模式,都具有自己的特色。标志着社会主义模式多样化的进一步形成,也标志着共产主义运动多样化的发展。第二大部分从消极方面来分析苏南冲突给东方阵营以及社会主义事业的发展带来的恶劣影响。首先探讨了苏南冲突爆发后,西方阵营对此的态度转变,为了达到削弱苏联的目的,以美国为首的西方集团采取了“扶南遏苏”的策略。其次,苏南冲突爆发后不久,新中国成立,西方阵营再次看到了推行“楔子战略”的希望,妄图再次分裂东方阵营;而斯大林也怀疑中国走南斯拉夫道路,把毛泽东看作“第二个铁托”。中国为了表明自己的立场,坚决站在苏联的一边,先后四次批判南斯拉夫,中南关系恶化。再次,从社会主义国家之间关系的研究来看,苏南冲突具有典型意义,在此之后爆发的中苏分裂、苏阿冲突都是照此范式进行的。最后,苏南冲突的爆发使东方阵营内部极为震惊,苏联为了巩固自己的大党大国地位,在东方阵营内部掀起了大清洗运动,称之为东欧地区的“红色地震”,使社会主义事业遭受严重挫折。
[Abstract]:After the Second World War, socialism came out of the country from the Soviet Union, formed by a nation as a camp, and set up a series of socialist regimes in Eastern Europe. Since the outbreak of the cold war, especially after the establishment of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of China, they formed a communist alliance with the Western and British-led capitalist countries in the West, and it is common to the western world. However, the communist alliance of a piece of iron-plate was not last long, and the confederate conflict that broke out in 1948 proved to be a myth. This conflict is the first major division of the socialist alliance after the Communist Party is in power, and the result has a great impact on the development of the socialist development of the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and even China in the next few decades. In this paper, the influence of this important historical event on the whole East camp is analyzed from different angles, and there are both positive and negative factors. From the perspective of international co-operation, the Soviet-South conflict is the first major division of the international communist movement, which is a tragedy for the entire international communist movement, which has weakened the power of the Soviet bloc and the western countries to carry out the cold war and the socialist cause It was a setback, but, on the other hand, it had a very positive impact on the international co-operation and the former Yugoslavia at that time In the case of Yugoslavia, the conflict of the Soviet Union made it separate from the bondage and control of the Soviet Union, and embarked on an independent development road, breaking the 鈥渢o be under the control of the world鈥,
本文编号:2321261
[Abstract]:After the Second World War, socialism came out of the country from the Soviet Union, formed by a nation as a camp, and set up a series of socialist regimes in Eastern Europe. Since the outbreak of the cold war, especially after the establishment of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of China, they formed a communist alliance with the Western and British-led capitalist countries in the West, and it is common to the western world. However, the communist alliance of a piece of iron-plate was not last long, and the confederate conflict that broke out in 1948 proved to be a myth. This conflict is the first major division of the socialist alliance after the Communist Party is in power, and the result has a great impact on the development of the socialist development of the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and even China in the next few decades. In this paper, the influence of this important historical event on the whole East camp is analyzed from different angles, and there are both positive and negative factors. From the perspective of international co-operation, the Soviet-South conflict is the first major division of the international communist movement, which is a tragedy for the entire international communist movement, which has weakened the power of the Soviet bloc and the western countries to carry out the cold war and the socialist cause It was a setback, but, on the other hand, it had a very positive impact on the international co-operation and the former Yugoslavia at that time In the case of Yugoslavia, the conflict of the Soviet Union made it separate from the bondage and control of the Soviet Union, and embarked on an independent development road, breaking the 鈥渢o be under the control of the world鈥,
本文编号:2321261
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