姆贝基时期的南非社会发展研究（1999-2008）
发布时间：2018-11-10 15:27
【摘要】：南非共和国是非洲最重要的国家。新南非的成立是南非历史上最重要的事件之一。姆贝基总统长达九年多的执政时期,成为迄今为止新南非历史上的重要阶段。因此,研究和分析姆贝基执政时期南非政府的社会发展情况和政策,对于了解和认识以非国大为首的南非新政权的治国理念和政策取向都有很重要的意义。 南非八十多年的种族隔离时期,阿菲利卡人通过立法剥夺了广大黑人的政治经济权力,从而成为种族隔离制度的最大受益者,但是由于国际社会的制裁和国内被压迫的黑人的不断斗争,白人政权逐渐被孤立,经济社会发展停滞,最终不得不废除种族隔离制度。曼德拉上台后,积极推进民族和解进程,制定新宪法巩固政权,但是曼德拉短短四年任期,不可能解决社会巨变留下的社会问题。 姆贝基上台后,提出了立足于非洲的“非洲复兴”思想,提倡“非洲新伙伴计划”,反映了非洲人民谋发展的心声。姆贝基执政时期,对社会经济做出了重大改革,这些改革主要体现在农业、矿业以及经济优惠政策上,此外还有内容广泛的社会发展改革,比如提供黑人经济地位的“肯定行动”,资源分配方面的《广义黑人经济促进法》,这些改革大大提高了黑人的经济和社会地位。 姆贝基任期内经济和社会发展方面取得了很大的成就,这些成就主要表现在农业、矿业、商业和金融业,以及对外贸易方面。为了促进社会公平有序地发展,姆贝基总统执政期间,制订了很多措施,取得了一定的成就。比如,社会救助政策覆盖了大多数南非穷人;此外,南非政府还积极推动青年就业,减少失业率;实现了一半以上的南非人能够住上政府提供的廉价房子,并且大多数南非人都有医疗保障。 尽管姆贝基政府做出了很大努力,取得了令人瞩目的成就,但是南非社会发展中存在的问题也比较突出。这些问题是多方面的主要包括:南非新出现的移民问题,艾滋病困扰南非以及犯罪率居高不下,社会治安恶化等。 很明显,南非社会中出现的问题很多都是历史遗留下来的,南非社会发展中出现的问题,终究需要用发展的办法的加以解决。只有给所有南非公民均等的受教育和工作机会,黑人与白人之间才可能真正消除仇恨,“彩虹之国”才可能真正建立起来!
[Abstract]:The Republic of South Africa is the most important country in Africa. The founding of the new South Africa is one of the most important events in the history of South Africa. President Mbeki's more than nine years in power has become an important stage in the history of the new South Africa. Therefore, it is of great significance to study and analyze the social development and policy of the South African government during the period of Mbeki's administration, which is of great significance to understand and understand the concept and policy orientation of the new regime in South Africa headed by the ANC. During more than 80 years of apartheid in South Africa, the Afika people, by legislation, deprived the majority of black people of their political and economic power, thus becoming the greatest beneficiaries of the apartheid system. However, as a result of the sanctions of the international community and the continuous struggle of the oppressed black people in the country, the white regime was gradually isolated, the economic and social development stagnated, and finally the apartheid system had to be abolished. After Mandela came to power, he actively promoted the process of national reconciliation and worked out a new constitution to consolidate the regime. However, as a short term of office for four years, Mandela could not solve the social problems left by the great changes in society. After Mbeki came to power, he put forward the idea of "African renaissance" based on Africa and advocated the "New Partnership for Africa", which reflected the aspirations of the African people for development. During Mbeki's administration, major socio-economic reforms were made, mainly in agriculture, mining and preferential economic policies, in addition to wide-ranging social development reforms. For example, the "affirmative action" to provide black economic status, and the "broad black economic promotion law" in the area of resource allocation, these reforms have greatly improved the economic and social status of blacks. Mbeki has made great achievements in economic and social development during his tenure, mainly in agriculture, mining, business and finance, as well as foreign trade. In order to promote the fair and orderly development of society, President Mbeki worked out many measures and made some achievements. For example, social assistance policies cover the majority of the poor in South Africa; in addition, the South African Government is actively promoting youth employment and reducing unemployment; More than half of South Africans are able to live in cheap government homes, and most South Africans have health care. Although the Mbeki government has made great efforts and made remarkable achievements, the problems in the social development of South Africa are also prominent. These problems mainly include: the emerging immigration problem in South Africa, the AIDS problem, the high crime rate, the deterioration of social security and so on. Obviously, many of the problems in South African society are left over from history, and the problems that arise in the development of South African society need to be solved by the way of development. Only by giving all South African citizens equal access to education and work will it be possible to truly eliminate hatred between blacks and whites and build a "Rainbow Nation"!
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K478.6
本文编号：2322826
[Abstract]:The Republic of South Africa is the most important country in Africa. The founding of the new South Africa is one of the most important events in the history of South Africa. President Mbeki's more than nine years in power has become an important stage in the history of the new South Africa. Therefore, it is of great significance to study and analyze the social development and policy of the South African government during the period of Mbeki's administration, which is of great significance to understand and understand the concept and policy orientation of the new regime in South Africa headed by the ANC. During more than 80 years of apartheid in South Africa, the Afika people, by legislation, deprived the majority of black people of their political and economic power, thus becoming the greatest beneficiaries of the apartheid system. However, as a result of the sanctions of the international community and the continuous struggle of the oppressed black people in the country, the white regime was gradually isolated, the economic and social development stagnated, and finally the apartheid system had to be abolished. After Mandela came to power, he actively promoted the process of national reconciliation and worked out a new constitution to consolidate the regime. However, as a short term of office for four years, Mandela could not solve the social problems left by the great changes in society. After Mbeki came to power, he put forward the idea of "African renaissance" based on Africa and advocated the "New Partnership for Africa", which reflected the aspirations of the African people for development. During Mbeki's administration, major socio-economic reforms were made, mainly in agriculture, mining and preferential economic policies, in addition to wide-ranging social development reforms. For example, the "affirmative action" to provide black economic status, and the "broad black economic promotion law" in the area of resource allocation, these reforms have greatly improved the economic and social status of blacks. Mbeki has made great achievements in economic and social development during his tenure, mainly in agriculture, mining, business and finance, as well as foreign trade. In order to promote the fair and orderly development of society, President Mbeki worked out many measures and made some achievements. For example, social assistance policies cover the majority of the poor in South Africa; in addition, the South African Government is actively promoting youth employment and reducing unemployment; More than half of South Africans are able to live in cheap government homes, and most South Africans have health care. Although the Mbeki government has made great efforts and made remarkable achievements, the problems in the social development of South Africa are also prominent. These problems mainly include: the emerging immigration problem in South Africa, the AIDS problem, the high crime rate, the deterioration of social security and so on. Obviously, many of the problems in South African society are left over from history, and the problems that arise in the development of South African society need to be solved by the way of development. Only by giving all South African citizens equal access to education and work will it be possible to truly eliminate hatred between blacks and whites and build a "Rainbow Nation"!
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K478.6
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