非传统外交视阈下的基辛格对华活动研究（1979-1992）

发布时间：2018-11-14 12:22

【摘要】：基辛格(1923-)是美国著名的外交家、国际问题专家,其在任期间,一直致力于中美建交,未能达成。1979年中美建交,两国关系在摸索中继续前行。1990年邓小平退居二线,邓小平是与基辛格交往最为密切的中国领导人。1992年克林顿选连任美国总统。这段期间内基辛格的对华非传统外交活动最为典型,在中美关系的发展中发挥着重要作用。在进入政府之前,基辛格在哈佛大学求学并留任做教授,对国际关系以及中美关系进行深入的分析,形成其独特的政治思想与外交理论,为其从事非传统外交提供理论条件。在尼克松和福特政府时期,基辛格主导并推动了一系列对华友好活动,为其进行非传统外交提供实践经验。中美建交后十年间基辛格为中美关系做的贡献有很多,包括著书立说探讨中美关系、设立咨询公司与中国进行贸易往来、进入智库影响美国外交决策、多次访华与中国领导人接触等。基辛格退休后作为学者,被中国人亲切地称为“基辛格博士”,历次来中国访问,并与中国领导人见面探讨中美关系发展的路径,从这些方面可以看出基辛格已成为中美关系和谐发展的符号,并在中美交流中起着联络员的作用。本文以1979年—1992年期间基辛格为中美关系发展而作的努力为主要研究对象,从非传统外交的视角对基辛格退任之后的对华活动进行全面的分析,进而对非传统外交的影响与局限进行总结,并客观的评价基辛格退任后在中美关系史上起到的作用。即便退任多年,基辛格在中美关系的发展中仍扮演着重要的角色。他从政期间的对华活动是代表美国政府,属于传统的官方外交,而退任后的对华活动是代表非政府组织和个人,起到的是非传统外交的作用。对于官方外交来说,这些非传统外交活动,虽不是外交的主流,但也为确实为中美关系做出重大贡献,尤其是当中美关系紧张时,基辛格担当着斡旋者的角色,在中美关系的发展中起着重要作用。基辛格的非传统外交活动弥补了传统外交的不足,为中美之间的交流提供更加便利的渠道。
[Abstract]:Kissinger (1923-) is a famous American diplomat and expert on international issues. During his tenure, he has been devoted to the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, which failed to be achieved. In 1979, the two countries established diplomatic relations, and relations between the two countries continued to move forward. In 1990, Deng Xiaoping retreated to the second line. Deng Xiaoping is the closest Chinese leader to Kissinger. Clinton was re-elected president of the United States in 1992. During this period, Kissinger's non-traditional diplomatic activities to China were the most typical, and played an important role in the development of Sino-US relations. Before entering the government, Kissinger studied at Harvard University and remained as a professor. He deeply analyzed international relations and Sino-US relations, formed his unique political thought and diplomatic theory, and provided theoretical conditions for him to engage in non-traditional diplomacy. During the Nixon and Ford administrations, Kissinger led and promoted a series of friendly activities towards China, providing practical experience for his non-traditional diplomacy. In the ten years since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, Kissinger has made many contributions to Sino-US relations, including writing books on Sino-US relations, setting up consulting firms to conduct trade contacts with China, and entering think tanks to influence US diplomatic decisions. I have visited China many times to contact with Chinese leaders. After his retirement as a scholar, Kissinger was affectionately called "Dr. Kissinger" by the Chinese. He visited China on previous occasions and met with Chinese leaders to discuss the path to the development of Sino-US relations. It can be seen from these aspects that Kissinger has become a symbol of the harmonious development of Sino-US relations and acts as a liaison between China and the United States. Taking Kissinger's efforts for the development of Sino-US relations from 1979 to 1992 as the main research object, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of Kissinger's activities towards China after his resignation from the perspective of non-traditional diplomacy. Then the influence and limitation of non-traditional diplomacy are summarized, and the effect of Kissinger's resignation on the history of Sino-American relations is evaluated objectively. Kissinger played an important role in the development of Sino-American relations even after his retirement for many years. His activities in China during his political career represented the United States government and belonged to the traditional official diplomacy, while the activities to China after his retirement represented non-governmental organizations and individuals and played a role in non-traditional diplomacy. As far as official diplomacy is concerned, these non-traditional diplomatic activities are not the mainstream of diplomacy, but they also contribute significantly to Sino-US relations, especially when Sino-US relations are tense, and Kissinger plays the role of mediator. It plays an important role in the development of Sino-US relations. Kissinger's non-traditional diplomatic activities make up for the shortcomings of traditional diplomacy and provide a more convenient channel for the exchanges between China and the United States.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K712.54

【参考文献】