论德国西占区的“再教育”政策
发布时间：2018-11-14 18:34
【摘要】： 第二次世界大战后，盟国对德国实行了分区占领和军事管制，并且采取了涉及政治、经济、文化、思想和社会习俗方面的一系列的民主化改造，试图从根本上消灭纳粹主义产生的根源，使德国不再成为对世界和平的威胁。在思想教育方面盟国采取了“再教育”的种种举措，取得了一定的成果，为德国的民主化改造准备了思想上的基础，使民主观念开始深入人心。 “再教育”的实施是与盟国其他各项政策密切配合下开展起来的，盟国在此期间把大量的观念和制度推行到了德国，一方面重建了德国与西方各国之间的文化联系，在民主的基础上复兴德国，另外一方面，由于过于理想化，没有考虑实际情况的做法，对德国也产生了一些负面的影响。 从总体上来看，“再教育”是针对整个文教系统的一场全面的改造，，不单是机构同时也是内容的转变，利用各种渠道对西占区人民进行民主思想的教育，效果是极为明显的。本文共分为三个部分： 第一部分是引言：主要介绍了近来国内外有关西占区“再教育”的研究概况和本文的研究目的。 第二部分是正文。共分为三个方面：一为“再教育”政策提出的背景和过程。二为“再教育”政策的实施，该部分由四个小部分组成，分别从宣传机构，教育领域，行政领域的思想再教育以及对外交流几个方面进行了研究和分析。三为德国团体和民众对“再教育”政策的反响及对自身的反思，该部分由三个小部分组成，分别从教会、德国的精英阶层、普通德国民众的角度进行了阐述。 第三部分是结语。简要总结了盟国在实施“再教育”过程中的得失，以及“再教育”政策对德国的影响。
[Abstract]:After the second World War, the allies imposed partition occupation and military control on Germany and adopted a series of democratic reforms involving political, economic, cultural, ideological and social customs. Trying to eliminate the root causes of Nazism so that Germany is no longer a threat to world peace. In the field of ideological education, the allies have taken various measures of "re-education" and achieved certain results, which have prepared the ideological basis for the democratic transformation in Germany, and made the democratic concept begin to be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The implementation of "re-education" was carried out in close cooperation with other policies of the allies. During this period, the allies carried out a large number of ideas and systems to Germany. On the one hand, they rebuilt the cultural ties between Germany and the western countries. The revival of Germany on the basis of democracy, on the other hand, had some negative effects on Germany because it was too idealistic and did not take into account the actual situation. On the whole, "re-education" is a comprehensive reform aimed at the whole cultural and educational system, not only the organization but also the content. Using various channels to educate the people in the western occupation area of democratic thought, the effect is very obvious. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part is the introduction: mainly introduces the recent domestic and foreign research on "re-education" and the purpose of this paper. The second part is the text. It is divided into three aspects: first, the background and process of re-education policy. The second is the implementation of the policy of "re-education", which is composed of four small parts, which are studied and analyzed from the aspects of propaganda organization, education field, ideological re-education in administrative field and foreign exchange. The third is the response of German groups and people to the policy of "re-education" and their reflection on themselves. This part is composed of three small parts, which are elaborated from the perspective of the church, the German elite and the ordinary German people. The third part is the conclusion. This paper briefly summarizes the gains and losses of the allies in the process of implementing "re-education" and the influence of the "re-education" policy on Germany.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K153
本文编号：2331965
[Abstract]:After the second World War, the allies imposed partition occupation and military control on Germany and adopted a series of democratic reforms involving political, economic, cultural, ideological and social customs. Trying to eliminate the root causes of Nazism so that Germany is no longer a threat to world peace. In the field of ideological education, the allies have taken various measures of "re-education" and achieved certain results, which have prepared the ideological basis for the democratic transformation in Germany, and made the democratic concept begin to be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The implementation of "re-education" was carried out in close cooperation with other policies of the allies. During this period, the allies carried out a large number of ideas and systems to Germany. On the one hand, they rebuilt the cultural ties between Germany and the western countries. The revival of Germany on the basis of democracy, on the other hand, had some negative effects on Germany because it was too idealistic and did not take into account the actual situation. On the whole, "re-education" is a comprehensive reform aimed at the whole cultural and educational system, not only the organization but also the content. Using various channels to educate the people in the western occupation area of democratic thought, the effect is very obvious. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part is the introduction: mainly introduces the recent domestic and foreign research on "re-education" and the purpose of this paper. The second part is the text. It is divided into three aspects: first, the background and process of re-education policy. The second is the implementation of the policy of "re-education", which is composed of four small parts, which are studied and analyzed from the aspects of propaganda organization, education field, ideological re-education in administrative field and foreign exchange. The third is the response of German groups and people to the policy of "re-education" and their reflection on themselves. This part is composed of three small parts, which are elaborated from the perspective of the church, the German elite and the ordinary German people. The third part is the conclusion. This paper briefly summarizes the gains and losses of the allies in the process of implementing "re-education" and the influence of the "re-education" policy on Germany.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K153
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本文编号：2331965
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