试论萨拉丁在反十字军东征中的历史贡献
发布时间：2018-11-15 13:53
【摘要】： 持续两个多世纪的十字军东征及抗十字军斗争是中世纪欧亚大陆历史上的重大事件,它不仅改变了当时的世界格局,对当时欧洲及中东的历史也产生了深远影响。萨拉丁是抗击十字军的民族英雄。他用吉哈德的精神把穆斯林世界的力量联合起来,对十字军展开了全面的反击并取得了辉煌的胜利,为穆斯林人民的反侵略做出了突出贡献。本文由前言、正文、结语、以及附录构成,作者尝试评述萨拉丁反十字军事业中建立的功业及其对后世的影响。 前言部分是本文的研究意义和研究现状。 正文分为三部分。第一部分介绍了萨拉丁成长的背景。公元11世纪阿拔斯王朝衰落,塞尔柱人占领巴格达,阿拉伯帝国分裂为若干政权。穆斯林世界内部的争斗和矛盾,正是第一次十字军得以获胜的重要原因之一。然而,十字军的暴行和拉丁王国的残暴统治激起穆斯林的强烈反抗。赞吉、努尔丁领导了早期的反十字军斗争,而他们成为了萨拉丁的榜样。 第二部分论述了萨拉丁力量的增长和穆斯林世界的联合。他首先推翻了法蒂玛王朝,在埃及建立了阿尤布王朝,然后运用军事和外交两种手段,陆续征服了大马士革、霍姆斯、哈马、阿勒颇等地,于1185年实现了埃及、叙利亚、苏丹、美索不达米亚西部以及西贾兹和也门的统一,完成了对耶路撒冷王国的战略包围。同时,他不断发动对十字军的围攻,分化瓦解西方的同盟,为对十字军的决定性一战做了大量的准备工作。 第三部分论述了萨拉丁与十字军的军事斗争及其成就。他改革作战技术,扩充军费来源。1187年,萨拉丁赢得哈丁战役,这是反十字军斗争的第一次重大胜利。同年,他收复耶路撒冷,十字军丧失侵略东方的大本营。1187—1192年期间,萨拉丁领导了抗击第三次十字军的战争,大大削弱了十字军的进攻力量,进一步巩固了反十字军斗争的成果。 本文的结论是:(1)萨拉丁倡导穆斯林世界的团结,统一了从埃及到叙利亚的广大地区,为穆斯林收复失地和战胜第三次十字军奠定了基础。(2)萨拉丁在一系列军事斗争取得重大胜利,使十字军运动由盛转衰,为反十字军战争作出了重大贡献。(3)萨拉丁反十字军斗争期间所采取的宗教、经济等方面多种措施,对地中海东岸社会经济的复苏和伊斯兰文化的振兴具有积极意义。(4)萨拉丁努力倡导的穆斯林团结精神和他毕生从事的反侵略英勇行动,不仅鼓舞了当时遭受侵略的地中海东岸地区各族人民,也为现代穆斯林世界留下恒久的精神遗产。
[Abstract]:The crusade and anti-crusader struggle, which lasted for more than two centuries, was an important event in the history of the medieval Eurasia. It not only changed the world pattern at that time, but also had a profound influence on the history of Europe and the Middle East at that time. Saladin was a national hero against the crusaders. He United the forces of the Muslim world with the spirit of Jihad, launched a comprehensive counterattack to the crusaders and made brilliant victories, and made outstanding contributions to the anti-aggression of the Muslim people. This paper consists of preface, text, conclusion and appendix. The author tries to comment on the achievements established in Saladin's anti-crusades and their influence on later generations. The foreword part is the research significance and present situation of this paper. The text is divided into three parts. The first part introduces the background of Saladin's growth. In the 11 th century AD, the Abducts fell, the Serzhu occupied Baghdad, and the Arab Empire split into several regimes. Fighting and conflict within the Muslim world was one of the main reasons for the first crusade to prevail. However, the atrocities of the Crusaders and the tyranny of the Latin Kingdom provoked a strong revolt among Muslims. Zangi, Nurudeen, who led the early anti-crusades, became a role model for Saladin. The second part deals with the growth of Saladin's power and the union of the Muslim world. He first overthrew the Fatima dynasty, established the Ayyub dynasty in Egypt, and then, by military and diplomatic means, conquered Damascus, Homs, Hama, Aleppo and other places, and in 1185 he realized Egypt, Syria, and Sudan. Western Mesopotas Mya and the reunification of West Jaziz and Yemen completed the strategic siege of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. At the same time, he launched a constant siege of the crusaders, disintegrating the Western allies, and made a lot of preparations for the decisive first War of the Crusaders. The third part discusses the military struggle between Saladin and the Crusaders and its achievements. In 1187, Saladin won the Battle of Harding, the first major victory in the anti-crusade struggle. In the same year, he recovered Jerusalem, and the crusaders lost their stronghold of aggression in the East. Between 1187-1192, Saladin led the war against the third Crusader, greatly weakening the crusades' offensive power. The achievements of the anti-crusader struggle were further consolidated. The conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) Saladin advocated the unity of the Muslim world and unified the vast area from Egypt to Syria. Laid the foundation for Muslims to recover their lost territory and defeat the third Crusade. (2) Saladin won a series of major military victories, which turned the crusader movement from prosperity to decline. He made great contributions to the war against the Crusaders. (3) religious, economic and other measures taken during the struggle against the Crusades in Saladin, Having positive significance for the socio-economic recovery and the revitalization of Islamic culture on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean. (4) the spirit of Muslim solidarity advocated by Saladin and the heroic action against aggression he has devoted his life to, It not only inspired the peoples of the Eastern Mediterranean who were invaded at that time, but also left a lasting spiritual legacy for the modern Muslim world.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K13
本文编号：2333487
[Abstract]:The crusade and anti-crusader struggle, which lasted for more than two centuries, was an important event in the history of the medieval Eurasia. It not only changed the world pattern at that time, but also had a profound influence on the history of Europe and the Middle East at that time. Saladin was a national hero against the crusaders. He United the forces of the Muslim world with the spirit of Jihad, launched a comprehensive counterattack to the crusaders and made brilliant victories, and made outstanding contributions to the anti-aggression of the Muslim people. This paper consists of preface, text, conclusion and appendix. The author tries to comment on the achievements established in Saladin's anti-crusades and their influence on later generations. The foreword part is the research significance and present situation of this paper. The text is divided into three parts. The first part introduces the background of Saladin's growth. In the 11 th century AD, the Abducts fell, the Serzhu occupied Baghdad, and the Arab Empire split into several regimes. Fighting and conflict within the Muslim world was one of the main reasons for the first crusade to prevail. However, the atrocities of the Crusaders and the tyranny of the Latin Kingdom provoked a strong revolt among Muslims. Zangi, Nurudeen, who led the early anti-crusades, became a role model for Saladin. The second part deals with the growth of Saladin's power and the union of the Muslim world. He first overthrew the Fatima dynasty, established the Ayyub dynasty in Egypt, and then, by military and diplomatic means, conquered Damascus, Homs, Hama, Aleppo and other places, and in 1185 he realized Egypt, Syria, and Sudan. Western Mesopotas Mya and the reunification of West Jaziz and Yemen completed the strategic siege of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. At the same time, he launched a constant siege of the crusaders, disintegrating the Western allies, and made a lot of preparations for the decisive first War of the Crusaders. The third part discusses the military struggle between Saladin and the Crusaders and its achievements. In 1187, Saladin won the Battle of Harding, the first major victory in the anti-crusade struggle. In the same year, he recovered Jerusalem, and the crusaders lost their stronghold of aggression in the East. Between 1187-1192, Saladin led the war against the third Crusader, greatly weakening the crusades' offensive power. The achievements of the anti-crusader struggle were further consolidated. The conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) Saladin advocated the unity of the Muslim world and unified the vast area from Egypt to Syria. Laid the foundation for Muslims to recover their lost territory and defeat the third Crusade. (2) Saladin won a series of major military victories, which turned the crusader movement from prosperity to decline. He made great contributions to the war against the Crusaders. (3) religious, economic and other measures taken during the struggle against the Crusades in Saladin, Having positive significance for the socio-economic recovery and the revitalization of Islamic culture on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean. (4) the spirit of Muslim solidarity advocated by Saladin and the heroic action against aggression he has devoted his life to, It not only inspired the peoples of the Eastern Mediterranean who were invaded at that time, but also left a lasting spiritual legacy for the modern Muslim world.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K13
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 张倩红;;解读阿拉伯人的内心创伤——评《阿拉伯人眼中的十字军东征》[J];世界历史;2006年03期
，本文编号：2333487
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