从宿敌到盟友，论二战后法德关系

发布时间：2018-11-16 07:30

【摘要】： 法德两国同属欧洲大陆的核心国家,更是当今世界格局中颇具影响力的大国。历史上,两国在不同时期都曾一度称雄欧洲,展现强国风范。当今法国人强烈的民族自豪感源白于他们骄傲的光荣历史。宣称“朕即天下”的路易十四曾大扩法国的疆域,使其成为17世纪欧洲最强大的国家。而拿破仑更是雄心勃勃地继续为法国开疆辟土,其帝国在鼎盛时期一度囊括了整个欧洲大陆。当时的法国比历史上任何国家都更接近于控制整个欧洲。德意志国家一向是推动欧洲历史发展的强大力量。神圣罗马帝国也曾经称霸西欧,而18世纪中后期的普鲁士也被视为欧洲强国。因此法德两国的一举一动都可能对欧洲的未来发展产生深刻影响。与此同时,作为邻国,两国因领土的接壤而被紧密地联系在一起。法德的双边关系更成为欧洲外交关系的轴心之重,深深地影响着欧洲的政治格局。1870年普法战争的爆发揭开了欧洲近代战争史的序幕,并由此埋下两国仇恨的种子。随后在经历了第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战后,两国变为名符其实的世仇国。可出人意料的是号称人类历史上最大浩劫的二战却成为两国关系改善的转折点。二战后法德迅速靠拢,走上了和解合作的道路。虽然国内对法德关系的研究繁多,但鲜有专门的对于从二战后直至现今的法德关系的发展的分析。本文将从法国在二战后、欧共体时代、欧盟时期对德政策角度入手,旨在系统地阐述分析法德从宿敌走向盟友的原因与方式。两国不仅实现历史性的和解,更积极发挥法德轴心作用,大力推动欧洲统一。在全球化的今天,两国在追求各自国家利益过程中势必会产生矛盾冲突,本文将关注两国在欧盟框架下的互动与谅解。二战后法德和解顺应了和平与发展的时代潮流,也反面证实了战争与法西斯主义对国家强盛的不可行性。本文的研究立意在于分析法德和解的成功经验,从而为世界其他与法德有相似情况的国家在国与国交往方面提供参考借鉴。
[Abstract]:France and Germany both belong to the core of the European continent, and are also influential powers in the present world pattern. In history, both countries once dominated Europe at different times, showing the style of power. The strong sense of national pride in the French today stems from their proud and glorious history. Louis XIV, who proclaimed "I am the world", expanded France's territory to become the most powerful country in Europe in the 17 th century. Napoleon was ambitious enough to continue to open the land of France, whose empire, in its heyday, once covered the entire continent. France was closer than any other country in history to controlling the whole of Europe. Germany has always been a powerful force for the development of European history. The Holy Roman Empire once dominated Western Europe, and Prussia was regarded as a European power in the mid-and late 18 th century. So every move by France and Germany could have a profound impact on the future of Europe. At the same time, as neighbors, the two countries are closely linked by their territorial borders. The bilateral relations between France and Germany became the axis of European diplomatic relations and deeply influenced the political structure of Europe. The outbreak of the war between France and France in 1870 opened the prologue of the modern history of war in Europe and planted the seeds of hatred between the two countries. Then, after World War I and World War II, the two countries became veritable enemies. What was surprising was that World War II, known as the biggest holocaust in human history, was a turning point in the improvement of relations between the two countries. After World War II, France and Germany quickly converged on the road of reconciliation and cooperation. Although there are many studies on the relationship between France and Germany in China, there is little analysis on the development of the relationship between France and Germany from the end of World War II to the present. From the perspective of France's policy towards Germany after World War II, during the European Union and the European Union, this paper aims to explain systematically the reasons and methods for the analysis of Germany's transition from an old enemy to an ally. The two countries not only achieved historic reconciliation, but also played an active role in the axis of France and Germany, and vigorously promoted European reunification. In the globalization of today, the two countries in the pursuit of their national interests will inevitably produce contradictions and conflicts, this paper will focus on the interaction and understanding between the two countries under the framework of the European Union. After World War II, Franco-German reconciliation complied with the trend of peace and development, but also confirmed the infeasibility of war and fascism to national prosperity. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the successful experience of German reconciliation, thus providing reference for other countries in the world with similar conditions to France and Germany in the field of state-to-state communication.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K505

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