尼克松政府对韩政策研究
发布时间：2018-11-16 17:46
【摘要】： 理查德·M.尼克松(Richard Milhous Nixon, 1913—1994)是美国第37任总统。在他任总统期间,美国的对外政策发生了重大变化。第二次世界大战结束以来,美国推行与苏联争霸的“冷战”政策,在全球范围内扩张美国的势力,先后在朝鲜和越南打了两场局部战争。20世纪60年代末,美国陷于越南战争不能自拔。尼克松就任总统时,美国的处境十分困难。在同苏联的竞争中,美国处于劣势,国际地位下降。为了尽快摆脱美国的窘困处境,尼克松政府调整对外政策,尤其是对美国的东亚政策进行调整,进而出台了“尼克松主义”。 韩国(南朝鲜)1作为美国一手扶植起来的重要东亚盟国,由于尼克松政府调整对外政策而受到重大冲击。尼克松政府对外政策的首要目标是实现从越南撤军,卸掉越南战争这个包袱。韩国作为美国在东亚的重要驻军地区之一,成为美国收缩其在东亚力量时考虑的重要对象。正是在此背景下,尼克松政府做出缩减驻韩美军的决定。在缩减驻韩美军的同时,尼克松政府加强对韩国的经济军事援助,以弥补美军撤出对韩国防御力量的影响,加强韩国自身的防卫力量。但是,随着尼克松政府成功地从南越撤出,中美关系的缓和,美国国际地位改善,尼克松政府对韩政策发生变化;为了追求在朝鲜半岛有利于美国的均势,尼克松政府最终放弃了从韩国撤军的政策。 本文试图以新近解密的尼克松政府外交文件(1969—1976)(FRUS文件)为资料基础,以中美关系缓和为背景,以越南战争为切入点,探究尼克松政府对韩政策的提出、发展、演变和最终结果,以及在执行过程中的制约因素。同时,本文力求通过对尼克松政府对韩政策的研究,揭示这一时期美国东亚政策的特征,美韩关系变化的规律,以及尼克松政府的对韩政策对后来美国对朝鲜半岛政策的影响。 全文共分为五部分: 第一部分为绪论,评述目前国内外学界对尼克松政府对韩政策的研究状况及存在的问题。 第二部分:阐述尼克松政府上台前美国对韩政策的演变历程。具体包括:朝鲜战争前美国的朝鲜半岛政策;朝鲜战争与美韩关系的确立;越南战争与美国对韩政策的变动。重点分析美韩关系的确立以及双方在越南战争问题上的合作与摩擦。 第三部分:论述尼克松政府的对韩政策。具体包括:尼克松政府对韩政策的背景;尼克松政府对韩政策的提出、中美会谈对美韩关系的影响以及尼克松政府对韩政策的变动与最终结果。重点探讨尼克松政府对韩政策的提出及中美会谈对美韩关系的影响。 第四部分:综合评析尼克松政府的对韩政策。这一部分具体分析了尼克松政府与往届美国政府对韩政策相比呈现出的连贯性和自身的特征,揭示尼克松政府对韩政策体现出的现实主义特征。 第五部分:结语,对本文加以总结。
[Abstract]:Richard M. Nixon (Richard Milhous Nixon, 1913-1994 was the 37th President of the United States. During his presidency, major changes took place in American foreign policy. Since the end of the second World War, the United States has pursued the "Cold War" policy of striving for hegemony with the Soviet Union, expanding its influence on a global scale, fighting two local wars in North Korea and Vietnam one after another. The United States was trapped in the Vietnam War. When Nixon took office, the United States was in a difficult position. In competition with the Soviet Union, the United States is at a disadvantage and its international position is declining. In order to get rid of the predicament of the United States as soon as possible, the Nixon administration adjusted its foreign policy, especially its East Asian policy, and then introduced Nixon Doctrine. South Korea (South Korea) 1, as an important ally of East Asia, was greatly impacted by the Nixon administration's adjustment of foreign policy. The first objective of the Nixon administration's foreign policy was to withdraw troops from Vietnam and to unload the burden of the Vietnam War. South Korea, as one of the important American garrison areas in East Asia, has become an important consideration when the United States shrinks its forces in East Asia. It was against this background that the Nixon administration made the decision to reduce its military presence in South Korea. While reducing the number of US troops stationed in South Korea, the Nixon administration strengthened its economic and military assistance to South Korea in order to make up for the impact of the withdrawal of US troops on South Korea's defense forces and to strengthen South Korea's own defense forces. However, with the successful withdrawal of the Nixon administration from South Vietnam, the relaxation of Sino-US relations and the improvement of the international status of the United States, the Nixon administration's policy towards South Korea changed. In pursuit of an American balance of power on the Korean peninsula, the Nixon administration finally abandoned the policy of withdrawing troops from South Korea. Based on the newly declassified Nixon Administration diplomatic document (1969-1976) (FRUS document), this paper attempts to explore the development of Nixon Administration's policy towards South Korea in the context of the relaxation of Sino-US relations and the Vietnam War. Evolution and final results, as well as constraints in the implementation process. At the same time, this paper tries to reveal the characteristics of American East Asia policy, the law of the change of US-ROK relations and the influence of Nixon administration's South Korean policy on the later US policy on the Korean Peninsula through the study of Nixon Administration's policy towards Korea. The paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the introduction, which reviews the current domestic and foreign academic research on Nixon Administration's policy towards Korea and the existing problems. The second part: explain the evolution of American policy toward Korea before Nixon administration came to power. These include: the policy of the United States on the Korean Peninsula before the Korean War, the establishment of the Korean War and the relationship between the United States and South Korea, and the change of the policy of the United States towards South Korea during the Vietnam War. Focus on the establishment of the relationship between the United States and South Korea, as well as the Vietnam War on the issue of cooperation and friction. The third part discusses Nixon administration's policy towards Korea. It includes: the background of Nixon administration's policy toward Korea, the proposal of Nixon administration's policy towards Korea, the influence of Sino-American talks on U.S.-Korea relations, and the change and final result of Nixon administration's policy toward South Korea. This paper focuses on the Nixon Administration's policy toward South Korea and the impact of the Sino-American talks on the relationship between the United States and South Korea. The fourth part: the comprehensive analysis of Nixon administration's policy towards South Korea. This part concretely analyzes the coherence and characteristics of the Nixon administration compared with the previous American administration, and reveals the realistic characteristics of the Nixon administration's policy towards South Korea. The fifth part: the conclusion, summarizes this article.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K712.54
[Abstract]:Richard M. Nixon (Richard Milhous Nixon, 1913-1994 was the 37th President of the United States. During his presidency, major changes took place in American foreign policy. Since the end of the second World War, the United States has pursued the "Cold War" policy of striving for hegemony with the Soviet Union, expanding its influence on a global scale, fighting two local wars in North Korea and Vietnam one after another. The United States was trapped in the Vietnam War. When Nixon took office, the United States was in a difficult position. In competition with the Soviet Union, the United States is at a disadvantage and its international position is declining. In order to get rid of the predicament of the United States as soon as possible, the Nixon administration adjusted its foreign policy, especially its East Asian policy, and then introduced Nixon Doctrine. South Korea (South Korea) 1, as an important ally of East Asia, was greatly impacted by the Nixon administration's adjustment of foreign policy. The first objective of the Nixon administration's foreign policy was to withdraw troops from Vietnam and to unload the burden of the Vietnam War. South Korea, as one of the important American garrison areas in East Asia, has become an important consideration when the United States shrinks its forces in East Asia. It was against this background that the Nixon administration made the decision to reduce its military presence in South Korea. While reducing the number of US troops stationed in South Korea, the Nixon administration strengthened its economic and military assistance to South Korea in order to make up for the impact of the withdrawal of US troops on South Korea's defense forces and to strengthen South Korea's own defense forces. However, with the successful withdrawal of the Nixon administration from South Vietnam, the relaxation of Sino-US relations and the improvement of the international status of the United States, the Nixon administration's policy towards South Korea changed. In pursuit of an American balance of power on the Korean peninsula, the Nixon administration finally abandoned the policy of withdrawing troops from South Korea. Based on the newly declassified Nixon Administration diplomatic document (1969-1976) (FRUS document), this paper attempts to explore the development of Nixon Administration's policy towards South Korea in the context of the relaxation of Sino-US relations and the Vietnam War. Evolution and final results, as well as constraints in the implementation process. At the same time, this paper tries to reveal the characteristics of American East Asia policy, the law of the change of US-ROK relations and the influence of Nixon administration's South Korean policy on the later US policy on the Korean Peninsula through the study of Nixon Administration's policy towards Korea. The paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the introduction, which reviews the current domestic and foreign academic research on Nixon Administration's policy towards Korea and the existing problems. The second part: explain the evolution of American policy toward Korea before Nixon administration came to power. These include: the policy of the United States on the Korean Peninsula before the Korean War, the establishment of the Korean War and the relationship between the United States and South Korea, and the change of the policy of the United States towards South Korea during the Vietnam War. Focus on the establishment of the relationship between the United States and South Korea, as well as the Vietnam War on the issue of cooperation and friction. The third part discusses Nixon administration's policy towards Korea. It includes: the background of Nixon administration's policy toward Korea, the proposal of Nixon administration's policy towards Korea, the influence of Sino-American talks on U.S.-Korea relations, and the change and final result of Nixon administration's policy toward South Korea. This paper focuses on the Nixon Administration's policy toward South Korea and the impact of the Sino-American talks on the relationship between the United States and South Korea. The fourth part: the comprehensive analysis of Nixon administration's policy towards South Korea. This part concretely analyzes the coherence and characteristics of the Nixon administration compared with the previous American administration, and reveals the realistic characteristics of the Nixon administration's policy towards South Korea. The fifth part: the conclusion, summarizes this article.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K712.54
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