美国有关归还巴拿马运河的政策与谈判（1969-1977）
发布时间：2018-11-16 18:03
【摘要】：巴拿马运河问题是美巴关系的核心问题,而1903年双方签署的《海-比诺-瓦里拉条约》是巴拿马运河问题产生的根源,也是美巴关系不平等的开端。针对该条约,巴拿马人民自其签订之日便要求将其废除,并随后为此展开了一系列斗争,直至约翰逊政府时期美国才最终与巴拿马展开新约谈判。但约翰逊政府时期的谈判并未获得成功。尼克松上台后,巴拿马运河新约谈判得以延续,双方还于1974年2月达成了至为重要的"八项原则"。但由于尼克松因"水门事件"而突然辞职,这也宣告了美巴新约谈判在其任期内不得不以失败而告终。福特继任为总统后,不仅保留了尼克松时期参与巴拿马运河条约谈判的所有代表,同时还基本上沿袭了尼克松时期关于巴拿马运河条约谈判的相关政策,并在随后的谈判中依据所签署的"八项原则"缔结了一系列"基准协议"。不过,随着谈判的深入,双方在条约期限、运河扩张等关键问题上都不肯让步,致使谈判最终未能达成协议,而这也意味着福特时期的谈判同样以失败而告终。尼克松-福特时期的巴拿马运河条约谈判作为整个美巴新约谈判中的重要组成部分,往往因未能签订重要条约而被忽视。本文以近年来美国政府解密档案中的最新史料为基础,并结合现有的研究成果,通过对尼克松-福特时期巴拿马运河谈判过程的梳理,进而分析该时期谈判失败的原因、特点及其影响,并揭露美国追求霸权主义的这一实质。
[Abstract]:The Panama Canal is the core issue of the US-Pakistan relationship, and the Treaty of Hai-Bino-Valila signed between the two sides in 1903 is the root of the Panama Canal problem and the beginning of the unequal relationship between the United States and Pakistan. The Panamanian people had demanded its abolition since the date of its signing, and a series of struggles ensued until the United States negotiated the New Testament with Panama under the Johnson administration. But negotiations under the Johnson administration were unsuccessful. After Nixon came to power, the New Testament negotiations of the Panama Canal were renewed, and the two sides agreed on the most important "eight principles" in February 1974. But Nixon's sudden resignation over Watergate declared that the New Testament negotiations had to fail during his term. When Ford succeeded him as president, he not only retained all the delegates who participated in the negotiations of the Panama Canal Treaty during the Nixon period, but also basically followed the policy of the Nixon period concerning the Panama Canal Treaty negotiations. In subsequent negotiations, a series of benchmark agreements were concluded on the basis of the eight principles signed. However, as the talks progressed, the two sides refused to budge on key issues such as the duration of the treaty, the expansion of the canal, and so on, resulting in a failure to reach an agreement, which meant that the Ford negotiations also failed. As an important part of the negotiation of the New Testament between the United States and Pakistan, the negotiation of the Panama Canal Treaty during the Nixon-Ford period was often ignored because of its failure to sign an important treaty. This paper, based on the latest historical data from the archives declassified by the US government in recent years, and combined with the existing research results, analyzes the reasons for the failure of the negotiations during the Nixon Ford period by combing through the negotiation process of the Panama Canal during the Nixon Ford period. Characteristic and influence, and expose this essence of American pursue hegemonism.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K712.54;K747
本文编号：2336233
[Abstract]:The Panama Canal is the core issue of the US-Pakistan relationship, and the Treaty of Hai-Bino-Valila signed between the two sides in 1903 is the root of the Panama Canal problem and the beginning of the unequal relationship between the United States and Pakistan. The Panamanian people had demanded its abolition since the date of its signing, and a series of struggles ensued until the United States negotiated the New Testament with Panama under the Johnson administration. But negotiations under the Johnson administration were unsuccessful. After Nixon came to power, the New Testament negotiations of the Panama Canal were renewed, and the two sides agreed on the most important "eight principles" in February 1974. But Nixon's sudden resignation over Watergate declared that the New Testament negotiations had to fail during his term. When Ford succeeded him as president, he not only retained all the delegates who participated in the negotiations of the Panama Canal Treaty during the Nixon period, but also basically followed the policy of the Nixon period concerning the Panama Canal Treaty negotiations. In subsequent negotiations, a series of benchmark agreements were concluded on the basis of the eight principles signed. However, as the talks progressed, the two sides refused to budge on key issues such as the duration of the treaty, the expansion of the canal, and so on, resulting in a failure to reach an agreement, which meant that the Ford negotiations also failed. As an important part of the negotiation of the New Testament between the United States and Pakistan, the negotiation of the Panama Canal Treaty during the Nixon-Ford period was often ignored because of its failure to sign an important treaty. This paper, based on the latest historical data from the archives declassified by the US government in recent years, and combined with the existing research results, analyzes the reasons for the failure of the negotiations during the Nixon Ford period by combing through the negotiation process of the Panama Canal during the Nixon Ford period. Characteristic and influence, and expose this essence of American pursue hegemonism.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K712.54;K747
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