美国对朴正熙政权援助政策研究（1961-1968）

发布时间：2018-11-18 06:52

【摘要】：20世纪60年代东北亚地区的政治格局发生了巨大变化,其核心内容之一就是美苏两超级大国围绕朝鲜半岛的较量。在冷战这个大的国际环境下,美国苦心经营韩国这个前沿阵地,其对韩援助政策的制定及多维演变成为该时期美国东北亚政策的一个缩影。韩国在美国对外政策中虽然属于不发达国家但其独特的地缘优势使其成为了美国冷战战略中的“反共前哨”和“民主橱窗”。所以在冷战背景下美国对韩国的援助的主要目标就是维持韩国资本主义的生存,以此来对抗苏联及其他共产主义国家。但由于李承晚政权与美国援韩政策的分歧,张勉政权的软弱无能,美国所期待的政治稳定与经济发展并没有在韩国实现。1961年朴正熙通过军事政变登上了韩国历史的舞台,这场政变不仅改变了韩国发展的轨迹,也改变了美国对韩国的前途的看法。本文将详细论述军事政变后美国政府对这场政变的态度及应对措施;朴正熙上台后在反共、发展经济、积极与日本协商恢复邦交、表达出兵越南的愿望等一系列举措使美国看到了韩国发展的曙光,同时也符合了美国在韩的政策目标。美国为了实现对韩国政治经济架构的改造,以对韩援助这一有利杠杆,对韩削减或停止援助相威胁,迫使朴正熙接受美国指导。虽然美国是根据自身利益来调整援韩政策的,但是客观上也促进了韩国的经济发展,实现了朴正熙政权时期韩国的“经济起飞”,同时也为韩国塑造了一个强有力的军事集团,为朴正熙“发展型政权”的稳固起到了重要作用。
[Abstract]:Great changes have taken place in the political structure of Northeast Asia in the 1960s, one of the core contents of which is the contest between the two superpowers around the Korean Peninsula. Under the great international environment of the Cold War, the United States painstakingly managed the front position of South Korea, and its policy of aid to Korea and its multidimensional development became a microcosm of the policy of the United States in Northeast Asia during that period. Although South Korea is an underdeveloped country in American foreign policy, its unique geographical advantage makes it a "anti-communist outpost" and a "democracy window" in the Cold War strategy of the United States. So the main goal of U.S. aid to South Korea in the Cold War context is to maintain the survival of Korean capitalism against the Soviet Union and other communist countries. However, due to the differences between the Li Seung-Man regime and the United States' policy of aiding South Korea, and the weakness and incompetence of the regime of Chang Mian, the political stability and economic development that the United States is looking forward to have not been realized in South Korea. In 1961, Park Chung-hee stepped onto the stage of Korean history through a military coup. The coup changed not only the trajectory of South Korea's development, but also America's view of South Korea's future. This article will discuss in detail the American government's attitude and countermeasures to the coup after the military coup. After Park Chung-hee took office, he opposed the Communist Party, developed the economy, actively negotiated with Japan to resume diplomatic relations, expressed his desire to send troops to Vietnam, and so on, made the United States see the dawn of South Korea's development, and at the same time met the policy objectives of the United States in South Korea. In order to reform the political and economic structure of South Korea, the United States threatened to cut or stop the aid to South Korea by using the favorable lever of aid to South Korea, forcing Park Chung-hee to accept the guidance of the United States. Although the United States adjusted its policy of aiding South Korea according to its own interests, it objectively promoted the economic development of South Korea, realized the "economic take-off" of South Korea during the period of Park Chung-hee 's regime, and also shaped a powerful military bloc for South Korea. Park Zhengxi for the development of political stability played an important role.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K153

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