横滨事件初探

发布时间：2018-11-19 22:28

【摘要】：横滨事件是战时日本政府奉行举国一致体制、严厉控制舆论和思想的典型事例。它的发生是日本军国主义化和法西斯化的必然结果。 1868年的明治维新,开启了日本走上资本主义现代化之路。日本当权者以德国的政治体制为蓝本进行仿制,建立了兼具保守与进步的明治宪法体制。明治宪法作为亚洲第一部君主立宪的资产阶级宪法,具有进步意义。但由于其存在严重的缺陷,致使近代日本走上了天皇制军国主义的歧路。军部势力以明治宪法中的主权在君为旗帜,以军队统帅权独立为依托,通过一系列政变逐渐削弱政党力量和执政基础,最终取消政党政治,建立了军国主义体制。以1931年“九一八”事变为契机,日本进入战时状态,总体战的战争体制要求国内各领域都要为战争服务。“大政翼赞会”的成立是战时政治统制确立的标志。在战时体制下,整个国家被编织成为一个坚固的迫使国民“绝对服从”的网络,国内监视活动的阴影无处不在。在军部逐渐加强自己势力的过程中,对国内民主势力的压制也逐渐升级。经过连续多年的镇压,导致日本左翼或民主势力凋零,民主思想、共产主义思想和反战思想受到严厉钳制,各种反体制斗争陷入停滞状态。随着日本推行南进战略,与英美等国家关系逐渐恶化,日本政府担心各种危险思想,尤其是共产主义思想会死灰复燃,同时,也是为了进一步加强对社会的控制,维护举国一致体制,日本政府从1941年底又开始了新一轮的对所谓的危险分子和危险思想的镇压。正是在此背景下,发生了横滨事件。横滨事件实际上是由一系列所谓共产党嫌疑犯被检举和逮捕的事件所构成的。在所谓的共产党员或左派分子被捕后,警方想方设法将这些人的言论和活动与共产主义或间谍活动联系起来,用刑讯逼供的方式,迫使他们承认自己的“罪行”。这些弱小的、孤立的公民,在强大的国家机器面前,他们无法保护自己免遭迫害,身心方面遭到警方的残酷折磨,甚至还有四人惨死狱中。因此,通过研究横滨事件可以从一个侧面反映战时日本政治统制状况、战时日本人尤其是左翼势力的生存状态,揭示战争时期日本政府令人发指的权力滥用以及对人权的践踏。
[Abstract]:The Yokohama incident was a typical example of Japan's adherence to a unified national system and strict control of public opinion and ideology during the war. Its occurrence is the inevitable result of Japanese militarism and fascism. The Meiji Restoration in 1868 opened Japan's way to capitalist modernization. The Japanese authorities imitated the German political system and established a Meiji constitution with both conservatism and progress. The Meiji Constitution, as the first constitutional bourgeois constitution in Asia, is of progressive significance. However, due to its serious defects, modern Japan took the wrong path of imperial militarism. Taking the sovereignty in the Meiji Constitution as the banner and relying on the independence of the military commander-in-chief, the military forces gradually weakened the political party strength and the ruling foundation through a series of coups, finally abolished the party politics and established the militaristic system. With the September 18th incident of 1931 as a turning point, Japan entered a wartime state, and the war system of the overall war required all fields in the country to serve the war. The establishment of "the great political wing praises" is the symbol of the establishment of wartime political control. Under the wartime system, the whole country was woven into a strong network of "absolute obedience" to its citizens, and the shadow of domestic surveillance was everywhere. In the process of strengthening their own forces, the suppression of domestic democratic forces gradually escalated. After years of repression, Japan's leftist or democratic forces withered, democratic thought, communist thought and anti-war ideology were severely suppressed, and various anti-system struggles came to a standstill. As Japan pursues the strategy of southward advance and relations with Britain and the United States deteriorate gradually, the Japanese government fears that dangerous ideas, especially communist ideas, will recur, and at the same time, in order to further strengthen social control, The Japanese government began a new round of repression of so-called dangerous elements and ideas at the end of 1941. It was against this background that the Yokohama incident took place. The Yokohama incident was actually a series of alleged communist suspects reported and arrested. After the arrest of the so-called Communists or leftists, the police tried to link their statements and activities to communist or espionage activities and forced them to confess their "crimes" by extorting confessions by torture. These small, isolated citizens, unable to protect themselves from persecution in the face of a powerful state apparatus, were brutally tortured by the police, and even four died in prison. Therefore, the study of Yokohama incident can reflect the political control of Japan in wartime, the survival state of Japanese in wartime, especially the left-wing forces, and reveal the abusing of power and trampling on human rights of Japanese government in wartime.
【学位授予单位】：苏州科技学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K313.4

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