镀金与进步时代美国女工问题研究
发布时间：2018-11-20 13:43
【摘要】：镀金与进步时代是指19世纪后期到20世纪早期美国社会工业化快速发展的时期。伴随着工业经济的迅速发展,女性劳工的队伍也相应壮大起来。女性劳动力的来源主要有以下四个方面:其一,新来美国的南欧和东欧移民中的女性。其二,美国农村地区进城务工的未婚女性。其三,中产阶级未婚女性。其四,黑人女性。这一时期女工的主体是年轻的未婚女性。女工数量的增长是客观的经济社会条件与女性工作意愿相结合的产物。 受传统观念和种族、血统以及缺少技能等因素的限制,女工的择业面很窄,大多数女工分布在技术含量低的行业。女工工作时间长、条件差、工资低。“漂流”到城市的未婚女性们租住的房子简陋,卫生条件差,即使这样所挣的工资也抵不住消费。女工问题引起了全社会的关注,不同社会团体纷纷发表不同的看法。进步主义者认为女工的这种工作状况会影响她们的身体健康和道德品质,提倡立法保护女工;激进的女权主义者鼓励妇女工作,倡导扩大女工的工作机会;美国劳工联合会(AFL)把女工看作对男性工作的威胁,建议把女工从劳动力市场中驱逐出去;雇主反对女工改革。在进步主义者的推动下,政府出台了保护女工立法,包括工作时间立法和最低工资立法。
[Abstract]:The age of gold plating and progress refers to the period of rapid development of American social industrialization from the late 19 th century to the early 20 th century. With the rapid development of industrial economy, the female labor force is also growing. There are four main sources of female labor force: first, female immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe. Second, unmarried women working in rural areas of the United States. Third, middle-class unmarried women. Fourth, black women. The main body of female workers in this period was young unmarried women. The increase in the number of female workers is the result of the combination of objective economic and social conditions and women's willingness to work. Limited by traditional ideas, race, lineage and lack of skills, the choice of employment for female workers is very narrow, and most women workers are distributed in low-skilled industries. Women workers work long hours, poor conditions and low wages. Unmarried women living in cities live in poor rental houses and poor sanitation, even if they earn less than they can afford. The issue of women workers has attracted the attention of the whole society, different social groups have expressed different views. Progressives argue that such working conditions of women workers have an impact on their physical health and moral character and advocate legislation to protect them; radical feminists encourage women to work and promote greater opportunities for women workers; The American Confederation of Labor (AFL) sees women workers as a threat to men's jobs and recommends expelling women workers from the labour market; employers oppose the reform of women workers. Driven by progressives, the government introduced legislation to protect women workers, including legislation on working hours and minimum wages.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K712.5
本文编号：2345072
[Abstract]:The age of gold plating and progress refers to the period of rapid development of American social industrialization from the late 19 th century to the early 20 th century. With the rapid development of industrial economy, the female labor force is also growing. There are four main sources of female labor force: first, female immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe. Second, unmarried women working in rural areas of the United States. Third, middle-class unmarried women. Fourth, black women. The main body of female workers in this period was young unmarried women. The increase in the number of female workers is the result of the combination of objective economic and social conditions and women's willingness to work. Limited by traditional ideas, race, lineage and lack of skills, the choice of employment for female workers is very narrow, and most women workers are distributed in low-skilled industries. Women workers work long hours, poor conditions and low wages. Unmarried women living in cities live in poor rental houses and poor sanitation, even if they earn less than they can afford. The issue of women workers has attracted the attention of the whole society, different social groups have expressed different views. Progressives argue that such working conditions of women workers have an impact on their physical health and moral character and advocate legislation to protect them; radical feminists encourage women to work and promote greater opportunities for women workers; The American Confederation of Labor (AFL) sees women workers as a threat to men's jobs and recommends expelling women workers from the labour market; employers oppose the reform of women workers. Driven by progressives, the government introduced legislation to protect women workers, including legislation on working hours and minimum wages.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K712.5
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 胡晓进,任东来;保守理念与美国联邦最高法院——以1889-1937年的联邦最高法院为中心[J];美国研究;2003年02期
，本文编号：2345072
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shekelunwen/xifanglishiwenhua/2345072.html
最近更新
教材专著
