彼得一世和他的改革

发布时间：2018-11-21 07:02

【摘要】： 没有哪个俄罗斯的领导人像彼得大帝一样留下了那么多关于生平事迹的研究资料。尽管有这么多的资料,今天依然还在谈论彼得,研究彼得。本文的作者力图从文化的角度来审视彼得改革。 “文化”的界定有广义和狭义之分。所谓狭义的“文化”就是指具体的文化现象。而广义的定义可以分为物质和非物质两个层面。本文中的“文化”运用的是广义的概念,包括政治文化,经济文化,教会文化,具体的文化现象等等。彼得改革主要是通过引进西方国家先进的经验和技术提高国家的地位,特别是国家的“软实力”。“软实力”的概念是美国哈佛大学教授约瑟夫·奈提出的。他提出,现代国家主要有三种方式来体现国家实力: 第一,通过武力; 第二,通过金钱收买; 第三,通过“软实力”,以自己的先进文化来吸引追随者。在彼得大帝进行了政治、经济、教会等方面的改革之后俄罗斯从一个落后的农业国家一举成为国际上举足轻重的大国。从此以后俄罗斯和英美一起成为国际舞台的主宰,决定重要的国际问题,解决国际争端。俄罗斯的军事实力至今依然威慑着自己的敌人。俄罗斯绘画和音乐等文化成就至今仍令世界惊叹,并吸引着世界各地的艺术爱好者。因此,彼得一世至今在俄罗斯人的心中依然占据着很高的地位。彼得一世领导俄罗斯走上现代化之路的经验和教训,对于今天俄罗斯的重新崛起和发展,对于俄罗斯正确处理好当代国际关系,仍然具有巨大的理论和实际意义。
[Abstract]:No Russian leader has left so much research on his life as Peter the Great. Despite all this information, Peter is still being talked about today, studying Peter. The author tries to examine Peter's reform from a cultural point of view. The definition of "culture" is divided into broad sense and narrow sense. The so-called narrow-sense "culture" refers to the concrete cultural phenomenon. The broad definition can be divided into two levels: material and non-physical. The "culture" in this paper uses broad concepts, including political culture, economic culture, church culture, concrete cultural phenomena and so on. Peter's reform mainly through the introduction of advanced Western experience and technology to improve the status of the country, especially the "soft power". The concept of "soft power" was put forward by Joseph Nye, a professor at Harvard University. He proposed that modern countries have three main ways to reflect national strength: first, through force, second, through money to buy; Third, through "soft power", with their own advanced culture to attract followers. After the political, economic and church reforms carried out by Peter the Great, Russia changed from a backward agricultural country to a major international power. Since then Russia, together with Britain and the United States, has dominated the international arena, deciding important international issues and resolving international disputes. Russia's military might still deterred its enemies. Cultural achievements such as Russian painting and music still marvel the world and attract art lovers from all over the world. Therefore, Peter I still occupies a high position in the hearts of Russians. Peter I's experience and lessons in leading Russia on the road to modernization still have great theoretical and practical significance for Russia's re-emergence and development today and for Russia's correct handling of contemporary international relations.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K512

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