美国托管时期对冲绳的教育政策及其影响研究

发布时间：2018-11-21 21:12

【摘要】：第二次世界大战结束后,美国对日本的冲绳群岛进行了为期27年的托管统治,对冲绳的政治、经济、文化各个方面进行直接而有效管理。本文具体研究了托管时期各个阶段美国对冲绳的教育政策,力图梳理整个政策的历史演变进程,探究美国的教育政策对战后冲绳社会发展的影响。在这27年的托管统治期间,美国主要对战后冲绳教育进行了“重建”与“重塑”。美国在战后冲绳教育的建设上,投入大量的人力、物力资源,大规模兴建学校,促进战后冲绳教育的恢复。此外,创办了琉球大学,完善了高等教育,大力发展具有美国特色的职业教育,培养冲绳专业技术型人才,使战后冲绳的教育有了很大的进步。而在教育管理方面,美国主导制定了一系列教育法律条令,组织建立教育行政机构,保障教育建设的稳步发展。同时,美国在重建的过程中还渗入美式民主、自由、和平的理念,改革了学制,教科书的重编,对战后教师进行再培训,力图消除日本的军国主义和极端国家主义的影响,加强美国人与冲绳人之间的交流,促进冲绳人对美国思想文化的认同。总而言之,战后冲绳的教育在美国的托管统治之下,形成了一整套完善的现代化教育体系,教育基础设施建设的不断完善,教育水平和教育质量的逐步提升,都为冲绳教育的发展打下了坚实的基础。不仅如此,美国对冲绳的教育政策还传播了美国文化与思想,对战后冲绳社会的发展起到了深刻而持久的影响。
[Abstract]:After the end of World War II, the United States ruled the Okinawa Islands for 27 years and directly and effectively managed Okinawa's politics, economy and culture. This paper specifically studies the American education policy on Okinawa in different stages of the trusteeship period, tries to sort out the historical evolution of the whole policy, and probes into the impact of American education policy on the social development of Okinawa after the war. During the 27-year period of trusteeship, the United States carried out "reconstruction" and "remodeling" of Okinawa education after the war. The United States invested a great deal of manpower and material resources in the construction of Okinawa education after the war and built schools on a large scale to promote the restoration of Okinawa education after the war. In addition, the establishment of Ryukyu University, the improvement of higher education, the development of vocational education with American characteristics, and the training of Okinawa professional and technical talents made great progress in the education of Okinawa after the war. In the field of education management, the United States led a series of educational laws and regulations, organized the establishment of educational administrative institutions, and ensured the steady development of educational construction. At the same time, in the course of reconstruction, the United States also infiltrated the American concept of democracy, freedom and peace, reformed the school system, recompiled textbooks, retrained postwar teachers, and tried to eliminate the influence of Japanese militarism and extreme nationalism. Strengthen the communication between Americans and Okinawans and promote their recognition of American ideology and culture. In a word, the education in Okinawa after the war, under the trust rule of the United States, formed a complete set of modern education systems, the continuous improvement of educational infrastructure construction, and the gradual improvement of educational level and quality. Both have laid a solid foundation for the development of Okinawa education. Not only that, American education policy on Okinawa also spread American culture and ideology, which had a profound and lasting influence on the development of Okinawa society after the war.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G571.2;K313.5

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