晚期奥斯曼帝国的社会开放与政治倒退

发布时间：2018-11-25 12:35

【摘要】：晚期奥斯曼帝国西化改革后经济有所增长,社会逐步开放,西化程度提高,同时并行的进程是:政府权力被素丹收回,由前几辈改革者开启的宪政之路中断,退到哈米德二世专制,而土耳其革命后掌权的"青年土耳其党人"实行新的独裁。单从经济和社会改革层面看,专制时代延续了"坦齐马特"的改革并有所深化。修建铁路公路加强了帝国各行省的联系,对外贸易扩大,外国投资增加,落伍的帝国与世界接近。帝国境内许多城市建起学校、孤儿院、银行、电话局、医院,社会明显进步。正因如此,民众很难像以前那样被当政者蒙骗。素丹治理帝国遇到挑战,又不让权力受到限制,为维持统治费尽心机却埋下革命隐患。"青年土耳其党"核心人物的独断,把帝国引向战争,导致帝国崩溃。
[Abstract]:After the Westernization of the Ottoman Empire in the late period, the economy grew, the society gradually opened up, and the degree of westernization increased. At the same time, the parallel process was that the government power was taken back by Surdan, and the constitutional road initiated by previous generations of reformers was interrupted. He retreated to the dictatorship of Hamid II, while the "Shabaab" who came to power after the Turkish revolution imposed a new dictatorship. In terms of economic and social reform alone, the era of autocracy continued and deepened Tancimat's reforms. The construction of railways and highways strengthened the ties between the imperial provinces, expanded foreign trade, increased foreign investment, and brought the laggard empires closer to the rest of the world. Many cities built schools, orphanages, banks, telephone offices, hospitals and society. It is because of this that it is difficult for people to be deceived as they used to be by those in power. Surdan ran the empire with challenges and did not allow power to be curtailed, trying to maintain rule but laying hidden revolutionary pitfalls. The arbitrariness of the core of Al-Shabaab led the empire to war, leading to the collapse of the empire.
【作者单位】：山西大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：山西省高等学校优秀青年学术带头人支持计划资助(2011)
【分类号】：K374.3

【共引文献】