晚清女报中的西方女杰——明治“妇人立志”读物的中国之旅

发布时间：2018-11-25 14:18

【摘要】：日本明治时期,启蒙思想家中村正直翻译的英国斯迈尔斯所著《西国立志编》引起轰动,适应各种人群的仿作随之大量出现。其中数以百计的"妇人立志"读物所传写的西方女杰事迹也大批输入中国,为晚清女性提供了众多取法典范。除了单行本的移译,晚清女报"传记"栏实为重要的集散地。其所汇聚的来源广泛的文本,经过译者契合本土情境的再度阐释与修正,不但与其他栏目相呼应,凸显了各报的办刊宗旨与现实思考,也在中国女界改造旧道德、培植新品格的精神重塑历程中发生了深远影响。其间的关联,在晚清前后相继的三份女报上有清晰的呈现:1902年在上海出版的《(续出)女报》(《女学报》)虽尚未设置固定的传记栏,但以转载为主的各文,却对不同面貌的"西方美人"表现出一律的仰慕;1904年由常熟学人创办的《女子世界》采择的原本最为繁复,而经过编辑的引导,诸多西方女杰的品德均被归纳到慈爱一途,赞赏西国"爱种"于是成为该刊传记译介的主题;编印于东京的《中国新女界杂志》以留日学生为主要撰稿人,深受其时在日本盛行的国家主义思潮感染,所译各传对表彰欧美"女国民"显示出高度的自觉与统一。至于众多日文原作的发现,不仅如实将中文作者还原为译者,也提点出还原晚清历史语境的一条进路。
[Abstract]:During the Meiji period of Japan, Smiles, an upright translator of the enlightenment thinker Nakamura, caused a sensation in his book "the ambition of the Western Kingdom", and a large number of imitation works adapted to various groups of people appeared. Among them, hundreds of the "Women's determination" books spread the stories of Western female talents imported into China in large numbers, which provided many models for women in the late Qing Dynasty. In addition to the translation of the monograph, the column Biography of the Women's newspaper in the late Qing Dynasty is an important distribution center. The collected texts from a wide range of sources, through the translator's re-interpretation and revision of the local context, not only echo with other columns, but also highlight the purpose and practical thinking of the various newspapers, as well as reform the old morality in the Chinese women's realm. The spiritual remolding of cultivating new character has had a profound influence. The connection was clearly presented in the three successive women's newspapers before and after the late Qing Dynasty: although the women's newspaper (Journals of Women), published in Shanghai in 1902, had not yet set up a fixed biographical column, it was mainly reproduced. But show the same admiration to the "western beauty" with different appearance; The "Women's World", founded by the Changshu Scholars in 1904, was originally the most complicated, but under the guidance of the editors, the virtues of many western female talents were summed up in the way of love, and the appreciation of the "love species" of the Western countries became the theme of the biographical translation of the magazine. The Chinese New Women's Journal, published in Tokyo, was written mainly by students studying in Japan and was deeply influenced by the prevailing trend of nationalism in Japan at that time. The translations showed a high degree of consciousness and unity in commending "female Nationals" in Europe and the United States. As for the discovery of many original Japanese works, it not only truthfully restores Chinese writers to translators, but also points out a way to restore the historical context of the late Qing Dynasty.
【作者单位】：北京大学中文系;
【分类号】：K252;K313;G219.29

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